Q&A

Understand how pregnancy or early motherhood might affect cognition.

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'Herbal viagra' products are not the same as prescription Viagra.

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Better research is needed to find out if limiting certain foods or food additives will help reduce hyperactivity and ADHD symptoms.

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Abnormal sperm morphology may be a contributing factor in male infertility.

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Acai berries are a good source of nutrients, but some health claims may go too far.

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Some research suggests that acetyl-L-carnitine may improve fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis.

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Acid reflux and GERD are closely related, but the terms aren't necessarily interchangeable.

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Learn what mistakes to avoid when caring for your skin with acne.

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Various procedures can improve acne scars, but no single treatment is best for everyone.

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Activity trackers are hugely popular, but do they help people lose weight? The evidence is mixed.

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Acupuncture for back pain — Can acupuncture treatments relieve back pain?

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Most cases of acute bronchitis are caused by viruses and are contagious. Learn ways to reduce your risk of catching viruses that can cause bronchitis.

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Find out about the causes and prevention of acute flaccid myelitis, a rare condition that causes sudden weakness in the arms or legs.

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Acute hepatitis C infection precedes chronic hepatitis C. Find out how acute hepatitis C develops and what the diagnosis means.

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Over-the-counter drugs may provide some relief from the symptoms of acute sinusitis.

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Adrenal fatigue is a lay term used to describe a mild form of adrenal insufficiency caused by chronic stress.

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Hormones likely play a role in adult acne. Can natural treatments help?

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Adult bed-wetting is uncommon and requires evaluation by a doctor. Learn about possible causes.

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For cardiovascular fitness, aerobic exercise can be done in short bursts or longer sessions.

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After a flood, don't eat foods or take medications that have come into contact with flood or contaminated water.

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An unsteady gait is a common side effect of aging. Here's what you can do about it.

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Concerned about changes in your skin? Here's what you need to know about aging skin.

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Air pollution and exercise — Take precautions for safer exercise, especially if you have health problems.

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Consider these commonsense guidelines to keep you and your baby safe.

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Know how air travel can affect your baby's ears and breathing, and what you can do to keep him or her comfortable.

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Albuterol side effects — Managing reactions to quick-relief asthma medication.

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Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure to unhealthy levels.

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Health claims about alkaline water abound, but plain water is usually best.

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Find out what allergy medications can help you manage allergies during pregnancy.

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The terms Alzheimer's disease and dementia are often used to mean the same thing — but here's the real difference between them.

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Regular exercise is your best bet for preventing Alzheimer's disease and improving cognitive function.

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Alzheimer's nose spray shows promise, but more research is needed.

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Alzheimer's prevention: Strategies for staying physically and mentally fit may be most effective.

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New experimental Alzheimer's tests may help detect the disease earlier.

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Alzheimer's — Learn about the benefits of the Mediterranean diet.

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Some research indicates a link between head injuries and Alzheimer's disease. So what's your risk?

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Zolpidem (Ambien) for insomnia is generally safe in the short term, but some people who take it may behave dangerously, such as driving while not awake.

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Try these prevention and treatment tips for ankle swelling during pregnancy.

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When you walk, skip the ankle weights and simply pick up the pace.

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Alcohol doesn't lower the effectiveness of most antibiotics. But it's still a good idea to avoid alcohol while taking antibiotics.

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Find out what you need to know about antibiotics and pregnancy.

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Antidepressant withdrawal is possible if you stop taking an antidepressant abruptly — but it's generally preventable.

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Combining antidepressants and alcohol can worsen depression and cause other problems.

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An antidepressant isn't always a direct cause of weight gain. Learn the other causes of weight gain when taking antidepressants and how to manage weight.

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Antidepressants: Reasons treatment stops working.

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Sexual side effects are common with antidepressants in both men and women, but there are options to prevent or reduce such side effects.

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Anxiety can cause dramatic, temporary increases in blood pressure.

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Aortic valve calcification — once thought a harmless condition — may be a sign of heart valve disease.

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Proponents tout apple cider vinegar as a weight-loss aid, but there's little proof that it works.

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Arcus senilis is a gray arc sometimes visible around the cornea in older adults.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the therapeutic use of essential oils.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist explains how artificial nails can affect your natural nails.

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Artificial sweeteners, also called sugar substitutes, offer the sweetness of sugar without the calories.

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Not all eyedrops are the same. Here's what to consider when choosing artificial tears for dry eyes.

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An aspirin allergy or sensitivity can cause serious symptoms.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what you need to know about taking aspirin during pregnancy.

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Asthma and acid reflux: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses how acid reflux can worsen asthma.

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Can what you eat affect your asthma? Learn how healthy eating habits may reduce asthma symptoms.

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Replacing carpet with hard flooring may be a good idea if you have asthma.

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Learn how your monthly cycle can worsen your asthma.

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Atypical cells appear abnormal, but they aren't necessarily cancerous.

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Children with autism spectrum disorder often have other health issues, including problems related to digestion.

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There's no evidence that restrictive diets are an effective treatment for autism spectrum disorder.

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Chelation therapy is not an effective autism treatment, and it may be dangerous.

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Surgery is rarely needed to reattach a small chunk of bone when it gets pulled away from the main part of the bone by a tendon or ligament.

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Axona — Can a supplement treat Alzheimer's disease?

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Baby Einstein videos might entertain your baby, but he or she will learn better through personal interaction.

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Find out when your baby's weight might be of concern and how to promote a healthy weight.

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Baby poop comes in various colors and textures. Know what to expect in your newborn's diapers.

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Understand the benefits of baby sign language.

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Follow these safety tips for using a baby sling.

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Understand when it's safe for a baby to wear sunscreen.

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Losing baby teeth is a major childhood milestone. Find out what to expect.

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Baby walkers — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains the dangers of using a baby walker.

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Baby's sex — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains the science behind influencing a baby's sex.

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Find out what causes back labor and how to manage it.

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For back pain relief, an ergonomic chair is generally better than an exercise ball.

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Understand the differences between bacterial infections and viral infections.

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A tongue scraper may reduce bad breath temporarily, but proper dental hygiene remains essential.

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It can be difficult to find ways to balance work and life responsibilities. Find a few ways you can manage stress and manage your time.

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Barefoot running shoes are designed to protect your feet while mimicking the mechanics of barefoot running.

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Barrel chest isn't a disease, but it may indicate an underlying condition, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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Find out what happens if you need to go to the bathroom during labor.

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Being bilingual may have a protective effect against the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

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Weight gain can occur as a side effect of some beta blockers.

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If you take beta blockers, you may need to adjust your target heart rate.

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Bezoars are masses of organic and inorganic matter trapped in the digestive system.

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There's no evidence that bioidentical hormones are safer than standard hormone therapy for menopause.

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The link isn't clearly understood, but these disorders often occur together. Get help from a mental health professional who's an expert in both disorders.

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Although bipolar disorder usually affects adults, bipolar disorder in children and teenagers is possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can help.

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Some medications used to treat bipolar disorder can increase your appetite or cause changes in metabolism leading to weight gain.

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Bipolar I and bipolar II are different disorders, but treatment is similar.

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Birth controls pills for acne may be helpful in some women. Learn more.

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Get a doctor's advice about risks if you took the birth control pill before you knew you were pregnant.

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If you're otherwise healthy, birth control pills generally can be taken as long as you need birth control.

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Pre-ejaculation fluid can cause pregnancy — which makes withdrawal an unreliable method of birth control.

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Bitter orange is in some weight-loss supplements. It acts like a stimulant, which sounds promising but has risks.

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Although women are more likely to get bladder infections, men can get them, too. Learn about signs and symptoms and what could put you at risk.

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Find out more about the causes of male bladder outlet obstruction and possible next steps.

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Light vaginal bleeding after hysterectomy is common; it may occur for several days or several weeks.

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Vaginal bleeding after menopause isn't normal and should be evaluated by your doctor.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what's behind this type of early pregnancy loss.

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Blood clots during menstruation can be normal, but passing large clots may be a sign that something's wrong.

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Blood glucose monitors — Consider these factors when measuring blood sugar levels.

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The term 'blood poisoning' most often refers to bacteria in the blood (bacteremia).

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Accurate blood pressure readings depend on the proper size blood pressure cuff.

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Losing weight may reduce — or eliminate — your need for blood pressure medication.

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Learn which blood pressure medications might increase triglyceride levels.

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Blood pressure that consistently measures higher outside the doctor's office is called masked hypertension.

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A small difference in blood pressure readings between arms usually isn't a worry. But a large difference can be a warning sign of a health problem.

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Like many body functions, blood pressure has a daily pattern. Find out more.

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Blood pressure generally is higher in the winter than in the summer. Discover why.

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Unexplained changes in blood sugar levels can be the result of illness, injury, stress and hormone changes.

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Blood thinners must be taken exactly as directed to prevent blood clots.

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Body fat can be measured with hand-held body fat analyzers, but accuracy varies.

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Body fat breaks down during a series of complex metabolic processes.

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Body weight training — Try out this alternative form of strength training.

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Botox injections into arthritic joints may help reduce pain and improve function. The medicine works by interfering with the transmission of pain signals.

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Understand the potential risks associated with getting treatments at a Botox party.

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Tempted to skip breakfast to save calories? You may actually be sabotaging your weight control.

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Dry skin after breast cancer radiation is fairly common. These suggestions may help.

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Too much caffeine may possibly increase your risk of breast discomfort.

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Concerned about a link between breast implants and cancer? Get the facts.

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Breast implants can interfere with your mammogram. Learn what you can do to make breast cancer screening more successful.

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Breast milk sharing can be a great gift, but there are risks involved. Know the steps you can take to ensure the safety of donated breast milk.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses how alcohol affects breast milk.

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What's the connection between breast-feeding and weight loss? A Mayo Clinic specialist explains.

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Understand why babies sometimes refuse to breast-feed and what you can do about it.

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Understand if breast-feeding while pregnant is safe.

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Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is banned from use in food in many countries, so why is it still being used in some soft drinks sold in the U.S.?

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Living with a chronic disease such as diabetes can be stressful and demanding. Arm yourself with the power of resilience.

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Compared with a bulging disk, a herniated disk is more likely to cause pain because it protrudes farther and is more likely to compress nerve roots.

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Even a minor injury to the scalp or forehead can cause a large lump. Find out when it's time to see a doctor.

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Margarine usually tops butter for heart health. But not all margarines are created equal.

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Learn why doctors generally don't recommend a CA 125 test for ovarian cancer screening.

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Interested in using CBD? Here's what you need to know about the risks and benefits of using this drug.

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No treatment is approved for COVID-19. An antiviral drug, remdesivir, is being tested.

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Do you have high blood pressure? Take these steps to help prevent serious illness with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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Find out how COVID-19 can affect dogs and cats, what you can do to protect your pet and how to care for your pet if it becomes sick.

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CT scans create detailed pictures of body tissue. Is the information gained from these imaging tests worth a small potential increase in cancer risk?

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The cabbage soup diet promises speedy weight loss. Before you go all in, understand the pros and cons of this fad diet.

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Caffeine and depression are not directly linked, but there can be an indirect connection.

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Coffee, tea and other caffeinated drinks may worsen menopausal hot flashes and other vasomotor symptoms.

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Caffeine may boost weight loss a tiny bit, but there could be some downsides too.

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For some people with diabetes, as much as one cup of coffee can cause higher or lower blood sugar levels. Learn how caffeine affects your blood sugar.

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Caffeine can temporarily increase blood pressure, but its long-term effects on blood pressure are unclear.

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Caffeinated drinks usually won't dehydrate you, but water is still your best option.

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Learn about the possible link between calcium supplements and heart attacks.

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Do guys need calcium supplements for bone health?

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In large amounts, calcium supplements may interfere with certain blood pressure medications.

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Timing matters when it comes to calcium supplements. Find out what factors affect when you should take calcium.

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Calories in sushi vary depending on what's paired with the rice. Use these tips to make smart choices when you're watching calories.

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Many have questions about how COVID-19 (coronavirus) spreads. Can you get the virus through food, water, surfaces or pets? Here's what's known so far.

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Don't rely solely on yoga for weight loss. Add aerobic activities to burn more calories.

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If taken at the wrong dosages, over-the-counter pain medications can harm your stomach, kidneys, liver or heart.

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It may be possible to protect your baby from the pain and irritation of this skin rash that affects infants.

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Coenzyme Q10 might help reduce the muscle aches some people experience while taking cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins.

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No specific diet or exercise plan prevents Alzheimer's disease — but eating well and staying fit still impacts your mental and physical health.

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Too little vitamin D is bad for the bones, but what about the heart? Learn how vitamin D deficiency may affect blood pressure.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the possible benefits of music for people with Alzheimer's disease.

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Find out how vaginal seeding after a C-section is used to transfer vaginal fluids to a newborn — and the possible risks.

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Find out what labor techniques might help prevent severe vaginal tearing during childbirth.

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There's mixed evidence on whether vitamins can prevent heart disease. Find out more.

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Find out if eating whole-grain foods can lower blood pressure.

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Understand how yoga might help Alzheimer's caregivers cope with stress.

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You don’t need a special diet after gallbladder removal. Some simple changes in eating habits may help you avoid digestive problems.

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Candida cleanse diets allegedly remove fungus from your intestines by eliminating its food source.

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Could cannabis help with your MS symptoms?

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Pumpkins are a nutritional powerhouse, whether you choose fresh pumpkin or the canned variety.

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Health concerns about canola oil abound on the internet but are unfounded.

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Carefully planned pre-trip meals, air ventilation and distractions might help prevent car sickness in children.

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Cardiac asthma refers to wheezing that's a sign of heart failure.

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Caring for a loved one with diabetes can be a challenge. Tips include getting the facts, working as a team and being patient.

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Carpal tunnel exercises may be helpful, but they aren't used alone.

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Laser-assisted cataract surgery is an advanced approach used to help people with astigmatism.

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Sometimes the capsule that holds the artificial lens becomes cloudy after cataract surgery.

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Getting enough grains in your diet can be challenging if you have celiac disease. Find out about go-to gluten-free grains and which ones to avoid.

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Gluten can't be absorbed through the skin, although this is a common misperception. Learn more.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the controversial topic of cellphones and cancer.

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Cellulitis — a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection — is not directly contagious.

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Learn to treat and prevent recurrent cellulitis.

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Cervical cysts usually aren't cancerous. Some types of cervical cysts are so common that they're considered a normal feature of cervical anatomy.

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Learn what to expect if a recent Pap test showed abnormal cells on the surface of your cervix (cervical dysplasia).

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If your cervical length during pregnancy shortens too soon, you might be at increased risk of preterm labor.

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Learn how to prevent and treat chapped lips.

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Chelation therapy for heart disease — Find out more about this treatment.

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Chemotherapy and sex aren't mutually exclusive, as long as you're feeling up to it.

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Chemotherapy side effects may include a risk of heart problems, including weakened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) and heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia).

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Understand the risks posed by chickenpox during pregnancy.

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Child growth — Find out how you can estimate your child's adult height.

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A high cholesterol level is unhealthy — rarely, very low cholesterol may pose risks, too.

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Non-HDL cholesterol may be more important than cholesterol ratio.

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Home cholesterol test kits are often as accurate as the test your doctor uses, but it can depend on how precisely you follow the directions for the test.

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When it comes to sunglasses, UV protection matters. Here's why.

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Chronic bladder infection is a painful, frustrating problem. Learn about causes and treatments.

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Diarrhea is fairly common after gallbladder removal. Find out what to expect.

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Researchers have evaluated a variety of natural products for effectiveness against chronic fatigue syndrome. Most results have been disappointing.

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Chronic stress — A possible factor in the development of depression.

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Despite what you might think, cigars aren't that different from cigarettes. Like cigarettes, cigars contain nicotine, tobacco and cancer-causing chemicals.

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The term "clinical depression" means severe, persistent depression. It's also called major depression or major depressive disorder.

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Cochlear implants can help improve hearing if you have moderate to profound nerve deafness.

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This oil has been touted by some as a cure for hypothyroidism. Truth or hype?

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Interest in coconut water has skyrocketed. It's promoted as 'super hydrating,' but is it really any better than plain water?

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Has coffee gotten a bum rap? Can it be part of a healthy diet?

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Plain coffee has only a few calories. But the calories jump up when you start adding extras.

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Some viruses are more resilient than you may think. Learn more about how they spread and how to protect yourself.

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Although colds and seasonal allergies share some of the same symptoms, they are very different diseases. Learn how to tell the difference.

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Some people believe that drinking milk increases phlegm production when you have a cold.

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Colloidal silver supplements are often promoted as cure-alls, but evidence of effectiveness is lacking. Side effects range from skin discoloration to organ damage.

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Some groups recommend people over 75 may consider stopping colon cancer screening. Not everyone agrees. Learn about your colon cancer screening options.

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Get the facts before trying this technique that's popular among some alternative medicine practitioners who claim it has numerous health benefits.

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Whether your child's concussion is mild or severe, it's important to allow time to recover.

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Abnormal mammogram results don't necessarily mean you have breast cancer.

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Find out more about contact tracing and how it can help during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

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Manage your emails and make good use of your time with these tips.

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Coping with anxiety is a challenge. Eating habits may play a role.

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With all the information available, it can be overwhelming. Be selective about what information you take in.

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Pain is common after mastectomy and other breast cancer operations. Find out what causes it and learn about treatment options.

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Cord blood banking — Understand the difference between public and private cord blood donation.

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Corn syrup for constipation isn't likely to be effective for infants.

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The best treatment for coronary artery disease varies depending on the circumstances.

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Coronary artery spasm is a sudden, temporary tightening of the muscles in the wall of an artery that sends blood to your heart.

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Understand how underlying health problems, where you live and work, and racism can affect who becomes severely ill with COVID-19.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading in countries around the world. Find out how to protect yourself and those close to you.

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Coughing after you quit smoking might be a sign that your body is starting to heal.

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Couvade — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses men and sympathetic pregnancy.

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Coxsackievirus usually produces only mild symptoms, but in some cases, meningitis can result.

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Craving and chewing ice (pagophagia) is often associated with iron deficiency with or without anemia.

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Fatigue is a fairly common Crohn's disease symptom. Learn about causes, treatments.

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Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia affects your lungs' small airways and air-exchange sacs.

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Cupping is one of many alternative therapies used to help relieve fibromyalgia pain.

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Some research suggests that curcumin may help prevent or treat cancer.

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Degenerative changes in the spine visible on X-ray indicate osteoarthritis of the spine.

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Understanding the causes and types of demyelinating disease, like multiple sclerosis, can help guide treatment decisions and manage symptoms.

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Dental braces are recommended for many children — When is the best time to start?

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If metal dental fillings are defective or show decay, they should be replaced.

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Standard dental floss is generally considered the most effective tool for cleaning between the teeth.

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Find out whether dental work during pregnancy is safe.

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Here are best practices for the care and cleaning of removable partial or full dentures.

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Depression and anxiety commonly occur together and have similar treatments: counseling (psychotherapy) or medication, such as antidepressants, or both.

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Detox diets are popular, but they're unproven and may have side effects.

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Do detox foot pads really draw toxins out of your body while you sleep?

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Diabetes and depression can occur together. Here's what you need to know.

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Learn about fasting with diabetes during Ramadan, including potential risks and how to manage your diabetes.

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Learn what you can do to protect your feet if you have diabetes.

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Warm temperatures require extra precautions for people with diabetes.

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If you have diabetes and are traveling, plan ahead. Talk to your doctor, pack carefully and know about airport security.

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It's a common myth that you shouldn't eat certain foods if you have diabetes.

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Generally, there's no advantage to substituting honey for sugar in a diabetes eating plan.

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Aspirin therapy may not be needed if you have diabetes but don't have heart problems.

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Learn what cinnamon's role may be as part of a broader diabetes treatment plan.

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Electric blankets are generally discouraged if you have diabetes.

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Alcohol and tobacco use increases your risk of diabetes. Find out how.

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How to care for your liver if you have diabetes.

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Find out why diastasis recti occurs and what you can do about it.

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Diet soda may help you cut calories, but other low-calorie options abound.

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Dieting means watching what you eat — and drink. Drink plenty of water but limit sugary drinks and dairy to keep calories under control.

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Digestion takes about two to five days, depending on your system.

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Baby teeth can become discolored for many reasons, including inadequate brushing, medications and illness.

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Find out what causes discolored semen.

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Disk replacement is a relatively new treatment option for degenerative disk disease.

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Diuretics and gout can be related because the medication may raise uric acid in your blood. It's usually possible to avoid this side effect, though.

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Diuretics are medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure. A side effect of some diuretics is low potassium.

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Contrary to popular belief, no specific foods are known to trigger diverticulitis attacks.

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Cortisol blockers claim to help with weight loss, but do they deliver? The evidence is slim at best.

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How is an infrared sauna different from a traditional sauna? Light provides the heat.

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You know the benefits of vitamin C include combating colds. But did you know that vitamin C might also help improve your mood?

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Despite the hype, toning shoes aren't a substitute for good old exercise.

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Atrial fibrillation is a common heart disorder that may sometimes be inherited. Find out more.

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Heard the buzz about honey for allergies? Find out if this home remedy works.

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Learn how your risk of developing a common heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation can increase as you become older.

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Have you heard about prickly pear cactus? Find out about some surprising health benefits of this versatile plant.

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Soy foods reduce the risk of breast cancer, but more research is needed to determine whether soy supplements are equally beneficial.

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Wondering whether sunscreen expires? Get the facts about how long sunscreen lasts.

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A Doppler ultrasound measures blood flow and pressure in blood vessels.

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Find out how a doula might be helpful during pregnancy, childbirth and recovery.

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Your hepatitis C infection has been cured, but is it safe to drink alcohol again?

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Dry mouth: If you have dry mouth, try these tips for relief.

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E. coli doesn't affect the way a food looks, smells or tastes. Learn ways to protect yourself.

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Learn about the dangers of this earwax removal technique.

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Ear stapling isn't an effective weight-loss strategy.

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Early HIV signs and symptoms may include fever, fatigue and swollen lymph glands. Learn more.

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Early hepatitis C sometimes goes away without becoming a chronic liver infection. But how often does that happen?

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Early miscarriage is usually caused by an abnormality with the baby — not maternal stress.

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Find out more about a virus spread to people by mosquitoes, its symptoms and ways to prevent being infected with it.

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Despite claims of benefits, eating your placenta after giving birth can be harmful to you and your baby.

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Ebola virus: A Mayo Clinic expert explains how the virus spreads

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Echinacea may slightly reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms, but the effect may be too minor to notice.

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A diluted bleach bath may help treat chronic eczema.

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Get the latest information about eggs, cholesterol and heart disease.

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Ejection fraction is a measurement of how well your heart is pumping.

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Elder care can provide caregivers a break or allow them to work. Find out how to select an elder care provider for your loved one with Alzheimer's.

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Understand if an elective abortion can affect your fertility or future pregnancies.

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Find out the possible benefits of using an electric toothbrush.

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Used correctly, elliptical machines can be a safe part of your exercise routine.

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There is no cure for multiple sclerosis, but promising research offers hope for new ways to slow and perhaps reverse the effects of this disease.

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Endometriosis and ovarian cancer are linked, but the relationship isn't straight cause and effect.

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Energy drinks may give you a temporary energy boost — but it doesn't last long.

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Lifestyle factors such as diet appear to play a role in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). See what lifestyle changes may help with symptoms.

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Enterovirus D68 infections are on the rise, mostly among children. Know the symptoms and what you can do.

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Generally, you can receive only a limited number of epidural steroid injections a year.

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Find out what role your partner can play in the treatment of your erectile dysfunction.

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The Essure system — a birth control device that led to permanent sterilization in women — was pulled from the market in 2018.

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Could estriol be a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)?

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Play it smart. Ease up on exercise if you have a cold.

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Reduce your multiple sclerosis symptoms through exercise.

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Here's what you need to know about your heart rate, pacing, and when to take precautions.

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Find out how much exercise you need and how to get it.

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Having trouble finding time to exercise during the day? Try taking the stairs!

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Breakthrough bleeding is more common with continuous and extended-cycle birth control pills, but usually decreases with time.

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Eye dilation is part of a comprehensive eye exam. How often you need it depends on your age and health risks.

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A laser retina scan can complement a traditional eye exam, but it's usually not necessary.

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Some supplements are marketed as 'eye vitamins' that help protect your eyes against glaucoma. Is there any truth to these claims?

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Fainting during or immediately after urination (micturition syncope) is a rare occurrence in healthy individuals.

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Here's what to consider after a fall during pregnancy, including when to seek medical attention.

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Pregnancy may be possible with one fallopian tube.

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Eating family meals can have health benefits. Just keep the electronics turned off during the meal.

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Experts have long counseled against fast weight loss. But is that advice out of date?

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Periodically following a fasting diet may have heart-health benefits. Find out more.

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Knowing how much fat is in the foods you eat can help you meet your health and nutrition goals.

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Learn tips to become a more-confident public speaker

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Not all women have orgasms with vaginal penetration during sex. Most women need stimulation of the clitoris to climax.

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Fiber supplements are one tool for adding fiber to your diet and easing constipation. Here are some tips for using them safely.

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Fibrocystic breast changes are common and not linked to increased risk of breast cancer.

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Fibromyalgia treatment — Gabapentin may be effective for some people.

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Fibromyalgia symptoms may be reduced by acupuncture treatments.

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Fibromyalgia often co-exists with several other painful conditions, which may be related to how your body processes pain signals.

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Is it safe to take fingolimod for multiple sclerosis if I'm pregnant?

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PCBs are chemicals that can contaminate lakes, streams and rivers, and the fish that live there. Learn to choose and prepare fish to limit your exposure.

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For some adults, fish oil supplements may help with depression if used under a doctor's supervision along with other types of treatment for depression.

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Understand what a fitness ball can do for your abs and how to get started using this fitness tool.

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Learn what foods are featured in this diet that promises to help you lose weight from your mid-section.

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Want a flat stomach? Diet and exercise — not undergarments — are what count.

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Does flaxseed reduce prostate cancer risk? Researchers are still looking for the answer.

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Nutrition experts recommend ground flaxseed over whole flaxseed. Find out why.

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Find out about the safety of antiviral flu medication during pregnancy.

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Influenza masks and hand hygiene might help protect health care workers from flu (influenza).

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Will you be pregnant during flu season? A flu shot is safe — and it protects both you and your baby.

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The flu shot protects against influenza, which is different from the stomach flu (gastroenteritis).

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Know the latest recommendations for children's flu vaccines.

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If you're at high risk of flu complications, see your doctor when experiencing flu symptoms.

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If you have egg allergy, you still may be able to receive the flu vaccine.

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Fluzone High-Dose is a flu vaccine for older people.

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Persistently foamy urine can be a sign of protein in your urine (proteinuria) and could be an indicator of kidney disease.

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Several studies have looked at the benefit of folic acid supplements on cognitive decline.

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Might you have to swear off milkshakes for good? Follow the symptom clues to find out whether you possibly have a food allergy or a food intolerance.

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Feel itchy after eating shrimp? Food allergies usually occur during childhood — but they can appear at any age. Learn more about food allergies in adults.

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Prevent food poisoning with these food safety tips for handling and reheating leftover food.

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Foods and sleep — How to snack and what to avoid.

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Leg and foot swelling during air travel is common and usually harmless.

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Results from free blood pressure monitoring machines aren't always accurate.

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Some studies have suggested that frequent ejaculation may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. But other research hasn't supported this idea.

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This type of receding hairline, which primarily affects older women, is treatable. The earlier you talk with your doctor about it, the better your chance of preventing permanent baldness.

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Fructose is a sugar found naturally in fruits, fruit juices, some vegetables and honey. Learn which foods to avoid if you have fructose intolerance.

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Small amounts of fruit juice can be OK for children older than age 1 — if you choose carefully.

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Understand how fundal height is measured and what it means.

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Certain medications can aggravate symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Learn more.

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Noninsulin medications for diabetes improve blood sugar control and may also support weight loss.

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A gallbladder cleanse is a popular alternative remedy for gallstones. But does it work?

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The size of gallbladder polyps can be a useful predictor of whether they're cancerous.

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After gastric bypass surgery, diet and exercise are crucial for maintaining your weight loss.

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Gene expression profiling tests are designed to help plan adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer.

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It's unlikely you would get genital herpes or a similar infection from a toilet seat.

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Ginger is being studied for possible benefit in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea.

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Ginkgo biloba is said to prevent memory loss, but study results suggest otherwise.

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Taking glucosamine isn't likely to have any effect on gout — either good or bad.

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Does glucosamine affect blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes?

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Glucosamine manufacturers claim their products slow or stop cartilage damage in osteoarthritis.

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Some people with diabetes use the glycemic index (GI) as a guide in selecting foods.

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Read more about this small, usually harmless area of inflammation that often shows up incidentally when you have a test for another reason.

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Grapes and grape juice contain antioxidants. So can you drink grape juice instead of wine for the health benefits?

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Grapefruit and other citrus can be a problem if you take prescription medicines.

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Grass-fed beef may have heart-health benefits that conventional beef doesn't. Find out more.

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Rarely, people with Graves' disease develop a skin condition called Graves' dermopathy (pretibial myxedema).

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Crying is often an important part of the grieving process — but not always.

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While there's no special ileostomy diet, there are some general rules to follow when choosing foods after ostomy surgery.

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Is the HCG diet a safe way to shed pounds?

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HER2-positive breast cancer tends to be more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. Treatments that target HER2 are very effective.

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Learn what types of cancer HPV can cause in men, and how you can reduce your risk.

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Cervical cancer is most often caused by a genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

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Follow these safety precautions if you color your hair during pregnancy.

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You know the value of hand washing, but did you know hand drying matters too? Why? Wet hands more easily spread germs.

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Hand swelling during exercise is a common problem, but rarely serious enough to disrupt your routine.

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Drinking lighter colored drinks is not a good method of hangover prevention, but it may help a little.

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Products that claim to prevent head lice are usually not supported by science.

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Headaches during pregnancy are common. Here's help easing the pain.

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Healthy chocolate? Yes! In moderation, chocolate — especially dark chocolate — may help prevent heart disease.

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Preventing heart disease begins with small steps. Find out more about maintaining a healthy heart.

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It's possible that secondhand smoke can irritate your arteries, increasing your heart attack risk.

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Although heart tumors do occur, the vast majority of them are noncancerous (benign).

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Taking care of your teeth hasn't been proved a key to heart disease prevention.

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Many with heart failure worry that sex might harm their heart. How do you know when it's OK to be intimate? Cardiac rehab and counseling can help.

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A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. A heart rate above or below that may signal a problem.

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Acid-controlling medications may do more than prevent heartburn. They may also interfere with vitamin B-12 absorption.

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Heavy periods may cause iron deficiency anemia, which folic acid supplements can't treat.

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Heel spurs — Bony growths not necessarily the cause of your heel pain.

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Know how to relieve painful, swollen veins in the anus and rectum during pregnancy.

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Although hepatitis C is highly contagious, the risk of sexual transmission is very low.

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End-stage complications of hepatitis C include liver failure and liver cancer.

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Herbal treatment for anxiety: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses safety and effectiveness.

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There's no good evidence that so-called fertility herbs and supplements actually improve fertility.

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A hernia truss can temporarily ease discomfort, but medical care is needed for a painful hernia.

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Among cold remedies, decongestants cause the most concern for people who have high blood pressure.

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Treatment of high cholesterol in children is controversial, but is a growing concern.

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Can cinnamon lower cholesterol?

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High-dose vitamin C has been touted by some as an effective alternative cancer treatment.

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Today's hearing aids are effective for all types of hearing loss — including high-frequency hearing loss.

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Too much added sugar, including high-fructose corn syrup, can affect your health.

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Considering a high-protein diet for weight loss? Understand the precautions first.

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Hip resurfacing uses a metal-on-metal prosthesis, which can cause health problems in some people.

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Learn how doctors determine your type of lymphoma using lab tests to examine cancer cells.

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A study in children with the common cold suggests that honey may help calm coughs.

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Hoodia manufacturers claim the supplement controls appetite, but where's the evidence to back up these claims?

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Hookah smoking may be more harmful than smoking cigarettes. Find out why.

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Some forms of menopause hormone therapy may cause vaginal bleeding. Learn more.

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Dressing in layers, keeping cool and avoiding known triggers are among the lifestyle strategies you can try for hot flash relief.

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If you're a caregiver of a loved one with Alzheimer's disease, guilt is a common feeling. Forgive yourself to move forward with your duties and improve your emotional health.

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Antibody testing determines if you had COVID-19 (coronavirus) infection in the past. It differs from testing to diagnose if you currently have COVID-19.

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Researchers have uncovered a type of body fat, dubbed brown fat, that appears to burn regular fat.

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Wonder how many hours of sleep are enough? A Mayo Clinic specialist offers guidelines.

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Understand the do's and don'ts of tummy time for babies.

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Bladder control problems are common in aging. Drinking less may help, but what other steps can you try?

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Learn self-care tips for healing cracked heels.

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Learn how to treat the tiny, painful cracks that can form on the thumb tip when your skin is very dry.

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Learn what you can do at home if your ear new piercing becomes infected.

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Learn simple remedies to easing your baby's discomfort from the pain and irritation of this skin rash.

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In sexual assault survivors, the main traumatic event typically becomes encoded in memory. Less important details may not be as well retained in memory.

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The dietary supplement huperzine A might play a role in Alzheimer's treatment by boosting memory, but more — and better — studies are needed.

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Understand the role water plays in keeping skin healthy.

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According to the hygiene hypothesis, early childhood infections can help prevent asthma. But is that the case?

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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy helps with some medical conditions that affect the brain. Find out what the research says about its role in stroke treatment.

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A hyperextended knee may tear or detach some of the ligaments in the knee.

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Hyperinflated lungs can be associated with lung conditions, such as COPD.

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Hyperinsulinemia is often associated with type 2 diabetes.

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Understand what causes a breast milk oversupply and what you can do about it.

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A hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke.

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Hypnobirthing — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses this method of easing pain during childbirth.

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For women, there's sometimes a link between having an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) and infertility.

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There's no truth to the so-called hypothyroidism diet.

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Hypothyroidism symptoms can vary, but eye problems aren't usually a concern.

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Calcium supplements can interfere with absorption of medications used to treat hypothyroidism.

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Rarely, hypothyroidism can cause peripheral neuropathy, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

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Hypothyroidism can cause muscle and joint problems, such as joint pain and stiffness.

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Although iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, this deficiency is rare in the United States.

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Implantation bleeding is a common early pregnancy symptom. Understand what's involved and why it happens.

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With time and dedication, breast-feeding without pregnancy (induced lactation) might be possible.

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Find out how to prevent infant botulism.

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Worried about infant constipation? A Mayo Clinic specialist explains how to treat it.

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You can safely prepare infant formula with tap water or bottled water. Consider the pros and cons of each.

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Infant growth rates depend on various factors. Consider what's typical during baby's first year.

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Wonder if there's a connection between infant swimming and asthma? A Mayo Clinic specialist offers perspective.

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Frequent waking is a common form of insomnia. Here's how to fall asleep again.

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Intermittent fasting isn't new, but it's gaining followers. What's the appeal?

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Inversion therapy is often promoted as a treatment for back pain.

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Mayo specialist cautions about using a home sperm test to assess your fertility.

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Depression is common in people with rheumatoid arthritis. If it isn't treated, depression may contribute to worsening of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

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Is fibromyalgia hereditary? The disorder appears to run in families.

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Is a gluten-free diet healthy for people who don't need to avoid gluten? It depends on what you eat instead of gluten.

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Takeout containers aren't the best for storing leftovers. Wrap or repackage food to keep it fresher and safer.

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What the change in the research definition of Alzheimer's disease means for you.

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Find out about the role of diet in managing multiple sclerosis.

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You lose weight only to regain it. When this happens repeatedly, it's called the yo-yo effect. It's frustrating but does it increase your risk of obesity?

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Both the top and bottom numbers in blood pressure readings are indicators of your health, but if just the top number rises, there may be a problem.

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Learn more about isometric exercises that contract a particular muscle or group of muscles.

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In most people, joint hypermobility causes no problems and requires no treatment.

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Joint pain attributed to rheumatoid arthritis may actually be caused by parvovirus infection in some adults.

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Juicing is a hot trend, but does it deliver on claims of better health? Learn about the pros and cons of juicing.

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Depression and diet may be related, and junk food may increase the risk of depression.

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Many factors may influence the decision to withdraw from kidney dialysis.

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Kidney donation can save a life, but some live donors might be at a slightly higher risk of developing kidney failure in the future.

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You know your kids should exercise, but how much? Find out and get ideas for helping children and adolescents be more physically active.

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Does kombucha tea live up to its reputation as a health tonic?

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L-arginine, a substance that relaxes blood vessels, is sometimes touted to reduce blood pressure.

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Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) — Understand the benefits and risks of these asthma medications.

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Lack of sleep can affect your immune system. Here's what you need to know.

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Medication for lactation suppression generally isn't recommended.

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Laryngospasm is a brief spasm of the vocal cords, which temporarily interrupts breathing.

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Does late-day exercise keep you awake? A Mayo Clinic sleep expert offers advice.

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Late-night snacks aren't necessarily off-limits with diabetes, but healthy choices won't leave you with high blood sugar in the morning.

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Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slow developing form of autoimmune diabetes.

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Latisse promotes longer, thicker, darker eyelashes — but side effects are possible, too.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist shares prevention and treatment tips for leg cramps during pregnancy.

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New, persistent leg pain or aching may indicate an underlying circulation problem.

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Why bother with lentils? They're high in protein and fiber. They're also quick and easy to prepare.

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Breast tenderness is not among the published escitalopram (Lexapro) side effects, but some studies and unofficial reports have linked them.

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Get the scoop on liposuction alternatives that reduce body fat without surgery.

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Livedo reticularis is a vascular condition characterized by purplish mottling of the skin.

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Occasionally, liver cysts can cause pain and discomfort in the upper abdomen.

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Chronic hepatitis C may lead to liver failure, which has only one treatment: liver transplant. Find out more about this risk.

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How safe is natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment?

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Age-related loss of sex drive is normal, but sometimes an underlying condition is at play.

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Aging can play a role in the loss of taste and smell — but not always.

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Delivery, amnioinfusion and drinking more fluids might be recommended as treatment for low amniotic fluid.

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For older adults, low blood sodium (hyponatremia) can be fatal if left untreated.

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Find out what can affect your milk supply and how to boost it.

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If you have kidney disease, you may need to limit how much phosphorus you eat or drink each day. A dietitian can help you create a custom meal plan.

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An epidural isn't necessarily off-limits if you have a lower back tattoo.

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Lung nodules are common and may be detected on a chest X-ray. Most lung nodules are noncancerous, but some may represent early-stage lung cancer.

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Hair loss is common in lupus. Although distressing, it is usually temporary.

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Although uncommon, hives can occur in people with lupus. Learn about causes and treatments.

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Lupus can cause inflammation of the kidneys, which can impair their function.

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A low-tyramine diet is important for anyone taking MAOIs.

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Using a gadolinium contrast agent during MRI may pose a risk for people with severe kidney failure.

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MSM is promoted as a treatment for arthritis pain, but evidence is scarce.

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Not all dietary fat is unhealthy. Monounsaturated fatty acids are one of the good fats. See where to find them.

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Enlarged red blood cells (macrocytosis) can be due to many factors.

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Find out what ingredients pharmacists combine for this treatment for mouth sores caused by chemotherapy and other cancer treatments.

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Learn how to make progress toward your goals of learning new skills such as a new language or a musical instrument.

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Male masturbation has little effect on sperm count or quality.

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Latest Mayo Clinic mammogram guidelines for breast cancer screening.

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Dense breasts can make a mammogram more difficult to interpret, but it's still a useful tool for breast cancer screening.

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Get tips to manage your health, stay focused, and use your time well while dealing with job pressures and demands.

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Tips for managing anxiety with multiple sclerosis (MS).

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Learn about strategies for managing depression in people with MS.

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If you have diabetes, you're probably used to counting carbs. But are you also paying attention to fat, cholesterol and calories?

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Some marketers claim mangosteen juice has anti-inflammatory benefits. Find out what the research says.

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Marijuana and depression seem to go hand in hand for some people, but there's no clear evidence that marijuana directly causes depression.

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Marijuana use during pregnancy can harm you and your baby. Find out how.

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Is it possible to get measles from someone else if you've been vaccinated?

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Melatonin is generally safe for short-term use but can cause side effects.

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For many women, menopause and high blood pressure seem to go hand in hand.

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If you take menopause hormone therapy, it's a good idea to follow up with your doctor once a year for a checkup and to reassess your need for treatment.

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For women with heart disease, breast cancer or a blood-clotting disorder, hormone therapy isn't a good option for treating menopause symptoms.

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Understand how a menstrual cup works and why you might use this alternative to pads and tampons.

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Products that promise to boost your metabolism abound, but can they help you lose weight?

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Combining migraine medications and antidepressants may pose several concerns.

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Certain antidepressants are used in migraine treatment. Learn more about these medications.

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Migraines can be associated with certain gastrointestinal problems. Learn more.

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Migraines — Are they triggered by weather changes?

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Antidepressants don't always ease mild depression symptoms, but you may still benefit from treatment.

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Can mindfulness practice help reduce symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

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The term "ministroke" typically refers to a transient ischemic attack.

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Moldy cheese may be unappetizing, but is it unsafe?

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Epstein-Barr virus sometimes causes mononucleosis, but most Epstein-Barr infections are less severe.

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Rarely, mononucleosis can recur. Learn more about causes and complications.

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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) can trigger headaches and other symptoms in some people.

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Visible mucus in stool can have a variety of causes — not necessarily serious.

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The term 'multigrain' means more than one grain is used, while 'whole grain' means the whole kernel is used.

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Seizures occur more often in people with multiple sclerosis than in the general population.

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Multivitamins: Would your youngster benefit from a supplement?

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Myofascial release, a form of manual therapy, may help reduce back pain.

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Common pain medications such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium may increase your risk of heart attack and stroke.

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Find out how nail biting can contribute to infections — and how to stop this bad habit.

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Learn how psoriasis can affect fingernails and toenails, causing pitting and abnormal nail growth. Psoriasis treatment can help.

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Vertical nail ridges are common and often become more prominent with age.

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Narrow stools may be a sign of narrowing or obstruction of the colon.

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Nasal spray 'addiction' isn't really an addiction at all. Learn more.

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Natural acne treatment comes in various forms. Some may be beneficial.

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Find out about whether foods and supplements can affect libido.

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Breast enhancement supplements haven't been proved effective and could cause side effects.

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For some people, certain herbal and dietary supplements seem to help with depression, but more studies are needed on their effectiveness and side effects.

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Nausea during pregnancy is common. Understand what nausea and vomiting might mean for your pregnancy.

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Negative-calorie foods require more energy to digest than they contain. Fact or fiction?

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Nervous breakdown is not a medical term — but it may indicate an underlying mental health problem that needs attention, such as anxiety or depression.

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Nervous stomach is a vague term that doesn't indicate a specific diagnosis.

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A homemade neti pot solution is just as effective as the over-the-counter variety.

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Learn more about this container designed to rinse debris or mucus from the nasal cavity.

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Some Neurontin side effects can be troubling and require evaluation by your doctor.

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Get the facts about when to wake a sleeping baby for a feeding.

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Niacin overdose is unlikely when it's taken as prescribed for high cholesterol.

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"Alarm clock" (hypnic) headaches wake people up. But other nighttime headaches also can disrupt sleep. Relief begins with determining the cause.

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Nighttime panic attacks can cause sweating, rapid heart rate, trembling, shortness of breath, heavy breathing, flushing or chills. Learn about treatment.

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Non-mesh sling — A Mayo Clinic expert explains how a non-mesh sling can be used to treat female stress urinary incontinence.

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Learn the difference between normal stress and adjustment disorder.

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How can you be obese when your weight is normal?

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Occipital nerve stimulation is a relatively new procedure to treat chronic headache disorders.

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Flashes of light, zigzags and temporary blindness – what does it all mean?

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Oregano is thought to have antibacterial and antifungal properties.

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Olive oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids, a type of healthy fat that can protect against heart disease and other serious conditions.

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Balance with other dietary fats is key to eating omega-6 fatty acids.

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Certain medications interact with opioids, making them more dangerous and increasing the risk of accidental overdose. Learn the signs of an emergency.

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Opioids aren't the first choice for a chronic condition such as arthritis. And some of their side effects may be particularly concerning for older people.

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OraVerse returns sensation sooner in your mouth after dental work. Is it for you?

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Understand the benefits of organic baby food.

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You know what M.D. means, but what does D.O. mean? What are the differences and similarities between these two types of doctors?

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Can long-term use of prednisone increase your risk of osteoporosis?

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Some osteoporosis drugs may increase risks of bone problems in the jaw and thigh.

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Often, you can stop taking these common osteoporosis medications after three to five years.

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Research continues to evaluate the role of an ovarian cancer vaccine to prevent recurrence.

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Surgery to remove your ovaries dramatically reduces your risk of ovarian cancer, but it doesn't eliminate the risk entirely.

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Certain types of ovarian cysts can contribute to fertility problems.

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Ovary removal (oophorectomy) dramatically lowers estrogen, a reproductive hormone that may also protect your brain.

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Trying to get pregnant? Learn about ovulation signs and symptoms.

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Ozone air purifiers don't reduce asthma symptoms. In fact, they can make asthma worse.

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A number of factors can cause PSA levels to rise after surgery for an enlarged prostate.

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Paced breathing — slow, deep, diaphragmatic breathing — may help reduce hot flashes, lower blood pressure and promote relaxation.

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Depression can cause unexplained physical symptoms, such as headaches. Chronic pain can cause problems that lead to depression, such as poor sleep.

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Palindromic rheumatism comes and goes. People who have it are at higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.

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Palliative care — Mayo Clinic expert explains who may benefit from palliative care and how it differs from hospice care.

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Various factors stack the odds against successful pancreatic cancer treatment.

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Learn when most doctors recommend beginning cervical cancer screening with Pap tests.

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If you've had surgery to remove your uterus, you might not need routine Pap smears. Find out what doctors recommend for cervical cancer screening.

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Unfortunately, there is no standard or routine screening test for ovarian cancer.

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Parkinsonism, a condition similar to Parkinson's disease, has a number of causes and coping strategies.

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Passive-aggressive behavior — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains the signs of this indirect way of expressing negative feelings.

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Find out how older paternal age can impact pregnancy and childhood health.

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Know the signs and symptoms of a penis fracture.

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Understanding the Daily Value numbers on food labels will help you make more-informed choices.

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During perimenopause, birth control options range from hormonal contraceptives to sterilization, depending on your health status.

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There are no hypoallergenic dog breeds, but you can reduce your allergic reactions.

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Rarely, inhaling petroleum jelly for prolonged periods can cause lung inflammation (lipoid pneumonia).

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Phantosmia is often due to a head injury or upper respiratory infection.

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Phentermine, a prescription medication, can help with weight loss when combined with diet and exercise.

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You may be worried about phenylalanine because of a warning on diet soda. Find out why the warning is there.

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Phosphatidylserine holds some promise as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's and other memory problems.

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Photodynamic therapy may play a limited role in lung cancer treatment.

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Find out when you need to toss your contact lenses to prevent a repeat pink eye infection.

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Many parents wonder how long pink eye (conjunctivitis) is contagious. Find out.

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Read these safety tips before you take food to a loved one in the hospital.

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Plugged ears are usually a mild, temporary problem. Learn about potential causes and treatments.

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Poinsettia plants — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what you need to know about poinsettia plants.

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Can polymyositis lead to lung and breathing problems?

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This combination pill contains small doses of several commonly prescribed heart disease medications.

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Early research suggested that pomegranate juice could slow the growth of prostate cancer, but more-rigorous trials failed to confirm those results.

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Small studies suggest that pomegranate juice might help lower cholesterol. Find out more about this antioxidant-rich juice.

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Use these tips to help someone cope with stress from a traumatic event, whether it's acute stress disorder (ASD) or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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Find out how pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can prevent HIV infection.

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Prednisone withdrawal symptoms can be serious if your dosage isn't discontinued gradually. Find out how long it might take to taper off.

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Pregnancy acne — A Mayo Clinic specialist offers insight on treating acne during pregnancy.

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Pregnancy after gastric bypass surgery calls for special care. Start with preconception planning.

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Understand the possible risks of hot tub use during pregnancy.

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Find out how to manage your calcium needs during pregnancy if you're lactose intolerant.

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Pregnancy constipation is common. Know how to safely treat it.

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Understand how changes in your blood volume and hormone levels might affect your skin during pregnancy.

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Pregorexia — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses this rare pregnancy condition.

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Extreme moodiness, intense sadness or marked irritability in the days before your period — along with your usual PMS symptoms — could be signs of PMDD.

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Prenatal vitamins — why they might not be suitable if you're not pregnant.

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Having a hard time reading small print? You might have presbyopia, a common vision condition that often accompanies aging.

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Depending on what's causing it, hair loss in women may be prevented.

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Probiotics are foods or supplements that contain 'good' bacteria that might help treat or prevent illness. Should they be part of your diet?

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Prolotherapy may help low back pain, but proof remains elusive.

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Magnesium is a nutrient your body needs to stay healthy. Magnesium supplements are popular but not risk-free. Food sources are easy to add to your diet.

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Depending on the type of radiation you receive, your doctor may recommend some precautions to prevent passing radiation to others.

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Prostate cancer metastasis — Find out where prostate cancer spreads.

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Surgery to remove the prostate might not be an option later if you undergo other prostate cancer treatments first.

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Find out what your PSA level may mean for your prostate cancer prognosis.

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Some men with prostatitis have pain with ejaculation or sexual intercourse.

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Protein shakes aren't a magic bullet for weight loss. Here's why.

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Pseudoaneurysm may be a complication of cardiac catheterization.

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Pseudoclaudication and claudication causes leg pain for different reasons. One is caused by pinched spinal nerves while the other is a circulation problem.

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There is no special psoriasis diet, but reducing caloric intake if you are overweight or obese is beneficial.

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Psoriasis treatment — Fish oil supplements may be helpful, but use caution.

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Pubic hair removal is common, but so are related side effects.

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Pulse pressure may be a strong predictor of heart problems, especially for older adults.

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Gaining weight after you quit smoking is fairly common, but you can take steps to prevent it. Learn how.

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Rapidly developing Alzheimer's may suggest another condition or problem – and sometimes, symptoms can be reversed.

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Natural and pure are among the terms used to describe raw water, but risk-free is not. Understand the hazards of drinking unprocessed water.

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Reactive airway disease is a general term that doesn't indicate a specific diagnosis.

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Reactive hypoglycemia is low blood sugar that occurs shortly after eating.

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A Mayo Clinic expert explains the risks of taking prescription oral erectile dysfunction (ED) medications without a medical need.

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Recurrent prostate infections can be difficult to treat. Here's what to consider.

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For some children, tonsillectomy may reduce the frequency of recurring strep throat infections.

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Although a renal diet restricts protein, you still must eat some protein every day.

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Repeat C-sections are common — but each C-section is generally more complicated than the last.

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Resperate is a device that teaches slow, deep breathing — which can reduce blood pressure.

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Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect of statins.

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Do different diets affect rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?

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Although rheumatoid arthritis is primarily a joint disease, it occasionally affects the eyes.

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Although rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, it can also affect the lungs.

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Ricin is a deadly poison derived from castor bean plants — the same beans used to make castor oil.

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Light therapy may be helpful for some people with rosacea.

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Your routine cancer screening is due, but is it safe to schedule one during a pandemic? Consider these factors as you make your decision.

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Runner's diarrhea is characterized by loose bowel movements during or immediately after a run.

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Sagging breasts are more likely after pregnancy, but breast-feeding isn't to blame.

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Excessive salt craving may indicate an underlying medical condition, such as Addison's disease.

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Milnacipran (Savella) may help relieve the fatigue and pain associated with fibromyalgia.

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Scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp can be difficult to differentiate.

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Should you take health claims about sea salt with a proverbial grain of salt? What makes it different from table salt?

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Second pregnancy — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the possible differences between a first and second pregnancy.

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Second pregnancies don't always come easily. Learn about possible causes for secondary infertility and when to seek professional help.

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How to take care of yourself at home when you have the flu.

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Semen allergy (seminal plasma hypersensitivity) is a rare condition that can be easily misdiagnosed. Learn about symptoms and possible treatments.

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Know what causes sensitive teeth and effective treatments.

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Service dogs can sniff out low or high blood sugar and alert you to take action.

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Setbacks can be part of life, but don't let them stop you from moving forward.

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With time and patience, you can resume sexual activity at any age.

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Find out whether COVID-19 can be transmitted during sexual activity and how to reduce your risk of getting the virus from a sexual partner.

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Vaginal infection makes intercourse painful and weakens your resistance to sexually transmitted infections. Consider waiting.

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Contrary to popular belief, shaving unwanted hair doesn't make it grow back thicker.

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If you're adjusting to shift work — especially the night shift — consider tips for better sleep.

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Generally, it's best to avoid alcohol during the course of shingles treatment.

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A new shingles vaccine uses an inactivated varicella-zoster (chickenpox) virus so you can't infect others.

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People looking to receive the shingles vaccine have two options.

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Diet and atrial fibrillation: Should I make changes to my diet if I've been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation?

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Physical activity and atrial fibrillation — Should people with atrial fibrillation participate in physical activity?

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A silent heart attack occurs with few, if any, symptoms. Find out more.

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Understand the health effects of ruptured silicone breast implants.

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Sometimes the cause of a toothache isn't a tooth problem, but a sinus problem.

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Sitting for long periods — such as in front of the TV or at a desk — appears to increase risk of death from cardiovascular disease and cancer.

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Sjogren's syndrome isn't thought to cause UTIs, but it may cause other urinary conditions.

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Find out about common skin changes during pregnancy, including pigmentation changes, varicose veins, acne and stretch marks.

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Antihistamines are somewhat effective as sleep aids — but only for occasional insomnia.

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Find out how sleep duration might be linked to weight gain.

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Caffeine doesn't seem to cause or aggravate obstructive sleep apnea.

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Sleep deprivation affects not only your energy levels but also your health.

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Is a slow metabolism the reason for your weight gain? Or is something else going on?

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Doctors classify cancer cells by examining them under a microscope. Learn common terms used to describe cancer cells.

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For people at risk of rheumatoid arthritis, smoking may trigger the disease and cause more-severe symptoms.

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Smoking leads to premature skin aging — and more wrinkles.

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Sodium nitrate, a preservative in some meats, may increase your heart disease risk.

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Soy doesn't significantly lower cholesterol. But eating soy can still be healthy.

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Whether people who have hypothyroidism should avoid soy is a topic of debate.

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Spastic colon is another term for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

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After ejaculation, the life span of sperm depends on the circumstances.

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Options are available to remove spider veins — a mild form of varicose veins.

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To prevent split fingernails, treat your nails gently. Consider these simple nail care tips.

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Spreading bowel preparation over two days makes the process more tolerable and does a better job of cleaning the colon before a colonoscopy.

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Understand when to start feeding your baby solid foods.

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Statins can cause muscle injury in some people. But can they also trigger ALS?

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Sugar substitutes, such as refined stevia preparations, may help with weight management, but they aren't a magic bullet.

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Depending on which virus causes your stomach ailment, you can be contagious from a few days to two weeks or more.

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Stool color is usually a result of diet and is only rarely a concern.

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Tired of feeling at the mercy of your to-do list? Try these tips for becoming more focused.

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One set of strength training exercises is generally as effective as multiple sets.

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Strep throat in infants is uncommon, but it's possible. Learn about symptoms.

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Learn how stress and hair loss can be related.

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With all the technology available today, it can be stressful and challenging to learn how to use it. Find out ideas of how to work with technology.

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Stress management and relaxation skills are key to preventing stress-related weight gain.

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Feeling overwhelmed by your MS? Try these stress-relieving strategies and find out what works for you.

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Can you give up added sugar and artificial sweeteners for two weeks? You may never think about sugar the same way again.

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Think about these ideas as you consider what skills and career you'd like to pursue in the future.

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Sulfa allergy: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses which medications are likely to cause problems.

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Sun rash — Causes and prevention tips for this itchy red rash.

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When might sunburn require medical attention?

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Sundowning isn't a disease, but a symptom that often occurs in people with dementia.

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Strains of head lice that are resistant to over-the-counter treatments are on the rise. Understand the facts, and learn how to eliminate treatment-resistant lice.

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Superslow strength training can help you add variety to your strength training routine.

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Your body can't digest chewing gum. So what happens when you swallow it?

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TENS therapy may be effective for fibromyalgia pain.

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Tailbone pain can have many causes and treatments.

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Tanning beds don't offer a safe alternative to natural sunlight.

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There's no proof that a base tan protects against sunburn.

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Drinking tap water is less expensive, but is it as safe as drinking bottled water?

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Tarlov cysts are fluid-filled sacs that most often affect nerve roots in your lower spine.

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Find out if tattoo removal cream works.

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Taurine might improve athletic performance but further research is needed.

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When you're first injured, ice may be better for reducing pain and swelling.

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Find out how to help your toddler meet the challenges of being 2.

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Test anxiety can interfere with your performance: Here's what you can do.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the relationship between testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer.

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Find out if you can use natural methods to boost your testosterone level.

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Testosterone therapy may boost sex drive for some women, but its long-term safety is unclear.

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Understand how testosterone therapy affects your heart.

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For adults, tetanus shots are recommended every 10 years.

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You can safely cook a frozen turkey without thawing it first — if you follow a few safety precautions.

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A healthy diet might promote healthy skin. Consider these skin-friendly foods.

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Take steps to prevent the dawn phenomenon — an abnormal early-morning increase in blood sugar.

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To lower your risk of foodborne illness, follow these five steps for washing fresh fruits and vegetables without the use of soap or produce sprays.

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Fragile or thin skin is a fairly common problem, especially in older adults.

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Tobacco smoke creates toxic residue that clings to walls, carpets, clothes and other surfaces.

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Thyroid disease can affect your mood and cause symptoms that mimic mental illness.

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Thyroid guard — A Mayo Clinic expert discusses using thyroid guards during mammograms to reduce the risk of thyroid cancer from radiation.

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A thyroid peroxidase antibody test can help determine the cause of thyroid disease.

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In the past, doctors thought that a tilted uterus could have contributed to infertility. But that's no longer the case.

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Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) has many possible causes, including taking antidepressants.

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You can take steps to care for your body if you have rheumatoid arthritis. These self-care measures can help you manage your pain and stay active.

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If you have diabetes and you're frustrated with the high cost of blood glucose test strips, check out these options.

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Learn how to manage stress while juggling a busy schedule.

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Tobacco sticks heat tobacco instead of burning it, which makers claim is less harmful. In reality, there's no safe way to use tobacco.

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A Mayo Clinic specialist describes typical speech development between the ages of 2 and 3.

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Vitamin C is an essential nutrient, but too much carries its own risks.

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Trampoline jumping can be fun but poses a high risk of injury for children.

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Triclosan is found in many products. Understand the safety concerns.

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Chronic trouble breathing: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses when it might be asthma.

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A Mayo Clinic expert explains the differences and similarities between these two types of growths and how doctors determine if they're cancerous.

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Ultraprocessed foods, such as frozen dinners, are staples for many Americans. Why do these convenience foods have a bad rep?

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Know how to wash an uncircumcised penis.

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If you're underweight and unhappy about it, try these healthy meals, snacks and treats to help you achieve your desired weight.

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Undigested food in stool generally isn't a problem unless it's accompanied by other symptoms.

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Type O negative is sometimes called the universal blood donor type.

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Find out about the unusual symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including "COVID toes," nausea, and loss of smell or taste.

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Try these ideas to manage your time and reduce stress.

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Children and adolescents who are overweight or obese children are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but you can take steps to lower the risk.

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Like LDL cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol is considered a type of 'bad' cholesterol.

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Vaccination schedule — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains why young children need multiple vaccines.

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Find out which vaccines you need during pregnancy and which ones to avoid.

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Low-dose estrogen therapy, vaginal moisturizers and vaginal lubricants are among possible treatments for menopausal vaginal dryness and its discomforts.

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Valerian — Can this sleep aid help you sleep better?

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Vaping during pregnancy can expose your baby to nicotine.

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The male birth control procedure to cut and seal the tubes that carry sperm (vasectomy) doesn't increase the risk of prostate cancer.

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Vegetable juice can be healthy, but it isn't a replacement for actual vegetables.

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Although switching to a vegetarian diet won't cure diabetes, it may offer some benefits.

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People who eat a vegetarian diet are generally leaner than those who don't. But making smart choices is what leads to weight loss.

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Learn about drugs to treat problems with sexual arousal or sexual desire in women.

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Vicks VapoRub is often used as a nasal decongestant. Does it work?

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Low levels of vitamin B-12 and other B vitamins may be linked to depression, but more research is needed.

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Vitamin B-12 injections — A weight-loss shot sounds appealing, but does it work?

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Vitamin B-12 isn't known to improve memory in Alzheimer's disease, but research continues.

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Some research suggests that vitamin D may reduce the risk of multiple sclerosis.

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What are the risks of too little vitamin D?

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A Mayo Clinic specialist explains why, when and how to give your baby vitamin D.

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Understand the risks of too much vitamin D, including a toxic reaction.

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Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in Alzheimer's and other types of dementia, but more research is needed to understand this link.

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Can vitamin supplements improve MS symptoms?

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Vocal cord dysfunction and asthma cause similar symptoms, but they're not the same. Find out the difference between the two.

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Vulvar varicosities can cause discomfort during pregnancy. Understand what causes this form of varicose veins and how to get relief.

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What is your waistline telling you? Get a measuring tape and find out if your waist circumference is in a range associated with shorter life expectancy.

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Walking pneumonia is a general term for relatively mild cases of pneumonia.

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Walking poles can turn your daily walk into a full-body workout.

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Walking and a prudent diet can put you on the path to sustainable weight management.

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Certain foods and beverages may interact with warfarin. Find out more.

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Warm-mist and cool-mist humidifiers are equally effective in humidifying the air.

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Drinking plenty of water helps keep your digestive system on track.

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For water exercise, the pool temperature should feel soothing and comfortable, not hot.

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Interested in natural diuretics for fluid retention and weight gain? You may be better off watching your diet.

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Understand how calorie restriction and exercise help you meet weight goals.

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Dieting can be tough during the holidays, but don't give up. Instead change your focus to maintaining and not gaining.

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For weight training, proper technique is more important than the specific type of equipment.

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Weight-loss hypnosis might be another weight-loss tool, but don't forget the basics.

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Weighted hula hoop — Spice up your workout with hula hooping.

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For most strength training enthusiasts, there's no need to invest in a weightlifting belt.

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Although beneficial in the long term, weightlifting can cause temporary, sometimes dramatic, increases in blood pressure.

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Weightlifting — Experiment to see if doing weights or cardio first works best for you.

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What exactly are functional foods, and do they deliver on their health claims?

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Learn how opioid medications work and how those effects can be dangerous when the drugs are taken incorrectly.

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Some bacteria and other germs are resistant to most types of antibiotics and medications that treat them. Find out the risks and how to prevent infections.

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Find out what causes round ligament pain during pregnancy and how to find relief.

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Learn the meaning behind various expiration dates found on food packages, including 'sell by' date and 'best if used by' dates.

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BPA stands for bisphenol A, a chemical used in some plastics and resins. See what products contain BPA and explore options to reduce your exposure.

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MERS-CoV is a respiratory illness that's sometimes fatal. Help protect yourself with good hygiene practices.

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Find out about retinopathy of prematurity — a potentially blinding eye condition that affects premature infants — including emerging therapies.

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Living with heart failure? Know when new symptoms require a doctor's call or ER visit. A heart failure action plan can guide your self-care.

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Learn more about this mosquito-borne virus — found in Africa, Asia, India, and parts of Europe and the Americas — that causes fever and severe joint pain.

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Clean eating values whole, natural foods over processed and refined ones. Sounds like healthy eating, doesn't it?

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Compassionate use is a way for people with life-threatening illnesses to get access to experimental treatments.

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Hot yoga, also known as Bikram yoga, is an intense form of yoga performed in a heated studio.

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Heart age is a way to understand your risk of a heart attack or stroke. By making healthier lifestyle choices, you can lower your heart age and your risk.

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Reflexology is gaining popularity as a stress reliever, but does it work?

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Learn about this tick from Asia that was recently reported in the United States and find out how to prevent tick bites.

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Find out about a mosquito-borne virus that may cause mild fever, rash and joint pain.

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Wheatgrass is a popular addition to smoothies and other drinks. While it's a rich source of nutrients, it's not a disease cure-all.

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Chronic diarrhea in infants can have many causes. Here’s a list of some possible causes and advice on when to see your child's doctor.

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H1N1 flu is a subcategory of influenza A.

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Wheezing in children may be a sign of asthma — but not always.

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Olive, canola or grapeseed? Which cooking oil should you use for sauteing and frying?

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When should you brush your teeth? Understand how to protect your oral health.

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White coat hypertension could be a risk factor for your blood pressure. Find out more.

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A small white patch on skin may have several causes, including eczema, psoriasis and vitiligo.

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White stool isn't normal and may indicate a serious liver problem. Learn about causes.

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White whole-wheat bread may make it easier to add whole grains to your diet.

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Find out how whitening toothpaste works and whether it's effective.

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Whole-body vibration — Don't give up regular exercise and a healthy diet.

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Weight-loss surgery means you don't have to watch what you eat, right? Wrong. Learn why.

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If you're obese, weight loss before pregnancy can improve your health — as well as the health of the baby you're planning to conceive.

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Hepatitis C vaccine development is far from straightforward, but experimental vaccines are under study.

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Find out whether an air purifier can eliminate cigarette smoke from your home.

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In some cases, asthma symptoms disappear later in life. Learn more about whether your child could outgrow asthma.

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The existence of Wilson's syndrome — often described as mild or subclinical hypothyroidism — is controversial.

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Many dentists recommend wisdom teeth removal to improve oral health.

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Find out more about wrist blood pressure monitors and when they might be used to measure blood pressure.

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Understand when an X-ray during pregnancy might cause harm and how to avoid it.

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Yeast infections are common during pregnancy. Over-the-counter treatments are usually safe.

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Yeast infections can occur in men, causing inflammation of the penis (balanitis). Learn what signs and symptoms could mean you have a yeast infection.

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Yerba mate tea may help relieve fatigue, but it has some risks.

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Yucca root supplements have long been touted as a possible treatment for arthritis pain.

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Everyone's heard of taking zinc for colds. But does it really work?

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Zumba, a dance-based workout, can add variety to your exercise routine.

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