Q&A
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Understand how pregnancy or early motherhood might affect cognition.
Last Updated: Jan 29, 2019Herbal viagra products are not the same as prescription Viagra.
Last Updated: May 10, 2018A
Better research is needed to find out if limiting certain foods or food additives will help reduce hyperactivity and ADHD symptoms.
Last Updated: Sep 28, 2017Abnormal sperm morphology: How it affects male fertility and what you can do.
Last Updated: May 2, 2018Pregnancy after abortion — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses whether abortion can cause infertility or pregnancy complications in a subsequent pregnancy.
Last Updated: Jul 19, 2017Acai berries are a good source of nutrients, but some health claims may go too far.
Last Updated: May 2, 2018Some research suggests that acetyl-L-carnitine may improve fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis.
Last Updated: Jul 13, 2018Acid reflux and GERD are closely related, but the terms aren't necessarily interchangeable.
Last Updated: Jul 31, 2019Learn what mistakes to avoid when caring for your skin with acne.
Last Updated: Jun 6, 2019Various procedures can improve acne scars, but no single treatment is best for everyone.
Last Updated: Sep 20, 2018Activity trackers are hugely popular, but do they help people lose weight? The evidence is mixed.
Last Updated: May 23, 2019Acupuncture for back pain — Can acupuncture treatments relieve back pain?
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Most cases of acute bronchitis are caused by viruses and are contagious. Learn ways to reduce your risk of catching viruses that can cause bronchitis.
Last Updated: May 16, 2019Find out about the causes and prevention of acute flaccid myelitis, a rare condition that causes sudden weakness in the arms or legs.
Last Updated: Oct 23, 2018Acute hepatitis C infection precedes chronic hepatitis C. Find out how acute hepatitis C develops and what the diagnosis means.
Last Updated: Aug 9, 2017Over-the-counter drugs may provide some relief from the symptoms of acute sinusitis.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2019The Adiana system for female sterilization is no longer available. Learn the reason why.
Last Updated: Aug 22, 2018Adrenal fatigue is supposedly a mild form of adrenal insufficiency caused by chronic stress.
Last Updated: Apr 12, 2017Hormones likely play a role in adult acne. Can natural treatments help?
Last Updated: Jan 17, 2018Adult bed-wetting is uncommon and requires evaluation by a doctor. Learn about possible causes.
Last Updated: Oct 5, 2017For cardiovascular fitness, aerobic exercise can be done in short bursts or longer sessions.
Last Updated: May 15, 2019After a flood, don't eat foods or take medications that have come into contact with flood or contaminated water.
Last Updated: Sep 7, 2017An unsteady gait is a common side effect of aging. Here's what you can do about it.
Last Updated: Oct 10, 2017Concerned about changes in your skin? Here's what you need to know about aging skin.
Last Updated: Mar 14, 2019Air pollution and exercise — Take precautions for safer exercise, especially if you have health problems.
Last Updated: Apr 12, 2017Consider these commonsense guidelines to keep you and your baby safe.
Last Updated: Feb 21, 2019Know how air travel can affect your baby's ears and breathing, and what you can do to keep him or her comfortable.
Last Updated: Oct 23, 2019Albuterol side effects — Managing reactions to quick-relief asthma medication.
Last Updated: Aug 31, 2019Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure to unhealthy levels.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Health claims about alkaline water abound, but plain water is usually best.
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2018Find out what allergy medications can help you manage allergies during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Oct 23, 2019The terms Alzheimer's disease and dementia are often used to mean the same thing — but here's the real difference between them.
Last Updated: Feb 24, 2018Caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease may change the holidays, but these tips can help you enjoy the celebration again.
Last Updated: Feb 21, 2018Regular exercise is your best bet for preventing Alzheimer's disease and improving cognitive function.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Alzheimer's nose spray shows promise, but more research is needed.
Last Updated: Jun 6, 2019Alzheimer's prevention: Strategies for staying physically and mentally fit may be most effective.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019New experimental Alzheimer's tests may help detect the disease earlier.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Alzheimer's — Learn about the benefits of the Mediterranean diet.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Some research indicates a link between head injuries and Alzheimer's disease. So what's your risk?
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Zolpidem (Ambien) for insomnia is generally safe in the short term, but some people who take it may behave dangerously, such as driving while not awake.
Last Updated: May 17, 2018Try these prevention and treatment tips for ankle swelling during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Jul 21, 2017When you walk, skip the ankle weights and simply pick up the pace.
Last Updated: Mar 16, 2018Alcohol doesn't lower the effectiveness of most antibiotics. But it's still a good idea to avoid alcohol while taking antibiotics.
Last Updated: Feb 6, 2018Find out what you need to know about antibiotics and pregnancy.
Last Updated: Oct 10, 2017Antidepressant withdrawal is possible if you stop taking an antidepressant abruptly — but it's generally preventable.
Last Updated: Jan 29, 2019Combining antidepressants and alcohol can worsen depression and cause other problems.
Last Updated: Jun 9, 2017An antidepressant isn't always a direct cause of weight gain. Learn the other causes of weight gain when taking antidepressants and how to manage weight.
Last Updated: Nov 17, 2018Antidepressants: Reasons treatment stops working.
Last Updated: Jan 31, 2018Sexual side effects are common with antidepressants in both men and women, but there are options to prevent or reduce such side effects.
Last Updated: Nov 15, 2017Anxiety can cause dramatic, temporary increases in blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Aortic valve calcification — once thought a harmless condition — may be a sign of heart valve disease.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Proponents tout apple cider vinegar as a weight-loss aid, but there's little proof that it works.
Last Updated: May 16, 2018Arcus senilis is a gray arc sometimes visible around the cornea in older adults.
Last Updated: Sep 28, 2019A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the therapeutic use of essential oils.
Last Updated: May 24, 2017A Mayo Clinic specialist explains how artificial nails can affect your natural nails.
Last Updated: Mar 27, 2018Artificial sweeteners, also called sugar substitutes, offer the sweetness of sugar without the calories.
Last Updated: Feb 12, 2019Not all eyedrops are the same. Here's what to consider when choosing artificial tears for dry eyes.
Last Updated: Feb 12, 2019An aspirin allergy or sensitivity can cause serious symptoms.
Last Updated: Jun 2, 2017A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what you need to know about taking aspirin during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Nov 28, 2018Asthma and acid reflux: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses how acid reflux can worsen asthma.
Last Updated: Mar 14, 2019Asthma diet — Healthy-eating habits may reduce asthma symptoms.
Last Updated: Jun 2, 2017Replacing carpet with hard flooring may be a good idea if you have asthma.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019Menstruation and asthma flare-ups — How your monthly cycle can worsen your asthma.
Last Updated: Jun 3, 2017Atypical cells appear abnormal, but they aren't necessarily cancerous.
Last Updated: Nov 3, 2018Children with autism spectrum disorder often have other health issues, including problems related to digestion.
Last Updated: May 21, 2019There's no evidence that restrictive diets are an effective treatment for autism spectrum disorder.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2016Chelation therapy is not an effective autism treatment, and it may be dangerous.
Last Updated: Nov 23, 2016Surgery is rarely needed to reattach a small chunk of bone when it gets pulled away from the main part of the bone by a tendon or ligament.
Last Updated: Jul 1, 2017Axona — Can a supplement treat Alzheimer's disease?
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019B
Baby Einstein videos might entertain your baby, but he or she will learn better through personal interaction.
Last Updated: Oct 15, 2019Find out when your baby's weight might be of concern and how to promote a healthy weight.
Last Updated: Jul 28, 2018Baby poop comes in various colors and textures. Know what to expect in your newborn's diapers.
Last Updated: Feb 14, 2018Understand the benefits of baby sign language.
Last Updated: Mar 6, 2019Follow these safety tips for using a baby sling.
Last Updated: Jan 29, 2019Understand when it's safe for a baby to wear sunscreen.
Last Updated: May 24, 2019Losing baby teeth is a major childhood milestone. Find out what to expect.
Last Updated: Aug 14, 2019Baby walkers — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains the dangers of using a baby walker.
Last Updated: Jul 23, 2019Baby's sex — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains the science behind influencing a baby's sex.
Last Updated: Oct 8, 2019Find out what causes back labor and how to manage it.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018For back pain relief, an ergonomic chair is generally better than an exercise ball.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Understand the differences between bacterial infections and viral infections.
Last Updated: Sep 7, 2017A tongue scraper may reduce bad breath temporarily, but proper dental hygiene remains essential.
Last Updated: Nov 28, 2018It can be difficult to find ways to balance work and life responsibilities. Find a few ways you can manage stress and manage your time.
Last Updated: May 23, 2019Barefoot running shoes are designed to protect your feet while mimicking the mechanics of barefoot running.
Last Updated: Aug 9, 2017Barrel chest isn't a disease, but it may indicate an underlying condition, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Last Updated: Mar 27, 2019Find out what happens if you need to go to the bathroom during labor.
Last Updated: Oct 23, 2019Being bilingual may have a protective effect against the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Weight gain can occur as a side effect of some beta blockers.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019If you take beta blockers, you may need to adjust your target heart rate.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Bezoars are masses of organic and inorganic matter trapped in the digestive system.
Last Updated: Aug 7, 2019There's no evidence that bioidentical hormones are safer than standard hormone therapy for menopause.
Last Updated: Dec 3, 2019The link isn't clearly understood, but these disorders often occur together. Get help from a mental health professional who's an expert in both disorders.
Last Updated: Apr 4, 2019Although bipolar disorder usually affects adults, bipolar disorder in children and teenagers is possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can help.
Last Updated: Jan 4, 2017Some medications used to treat bipolar disorder can increase your appetite or cause changes in metabolism leading to weight gain.
Last Updated: Jan 31, 2018Bipolar I and bipolar II are different disorders, but treatment is similar.
Last Updated: Feb 14, 2018Birth controls pills for acne may be helpful in some women. Learn more.
Last Updated: Jul 27, 2017Get a doctor's advice about risks if you took the birth control pill before you knew you were pregnant.
Last Updated: Jul 15, 2017If you're otherwise healthy, birth control pills generally can be taken as long as you need birth control.
Last Updated: Feb 14, 2018Pre-ejaculation fluid can cause pregnancy — which makes withdrawal an unreliable method of birth control.
Last Updated: Oct 5, 2017Bitter orange is a common ingredient in weight-loss supplements but poses risks because of its stimulant-like effects.
Last Updated: Mar 3, 2018Although women are more likely to get bladder infections, men can get them, too. Learn about signs and symptoms and possible causes.
Last Updated: May 12, 2018Find out more about the causes of male bladder outlet obstruction and possible next steps.
Last Updated: May 9, 2019Light vaginal bleeding after hysterectomy is common; it may occur for several days or several weeks.
Last Updated: May 7, 2019Vaginal bleeding after menopause isn't normal and should be evaluated by your doctor.
Last Updated: Jul 13, 2018A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what's behind this type of early pregnancy loss.
Last Updated: Aug 15, 2019Blood clots during menstruation can be normal, but passing large clots may be a sign that something's wrong.
Last Updated: Feb 6, 2019Blood glucose monitors — Consider these factors when measuring blood sugar levels.
Last Updated: Feb 9, 2018The term 'blood poisoning' most often refers to bacteria in the blood (bacteremia).
Last Updated: May 17, 2018Accurate blood pressure readings depend on the proper size blood pressure cuff.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020Losing weight may reduce — or eliminate — your need for blood pressure medication.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Some blood pressure medications can increase triglyceride levels. Find out more.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Blood pressure that consistently measures higher outside the doctor's office is called masked hypertension.
Last Updated: Jun 28, 2019A small difference in blood pressure readings between arms usually isn't a worry. But a large difference can be a warning sign of a health problem.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Like many body functions, blood pressure has a daily pattern. Find out more.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Blood pressure generally is higher in the winter than in the summer. Discover why.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Unexplained changes in blood sugar levels can be the result of hormonal fluctuations brought on by illness, injury and stress.
Last Updated: May 16, 2018Blood thinners must be taken exactly as directed to prevent blood clots.
Last Updated: Dec 20, 2017Body fat can be measured with hand-held body fat analyzers, but accuracy varies.
Last Updated: Jan 19, 2018Body fat breaks down during a series of complex metabolic processes.
Last Updated: Dec 16, 2017Body weight training — Try out this alternative form of strength training.
Last Updated: Apr 17, 2018Botox injections into arthritic joints may help reduce pain and improve function. The medicine works by interfering with the transmission of pain signals.
Last Updated: Aug 7, 2019Understand the potential risks associated with getting treatments at a Botox party.
Last Updated: Feb 16, 2018Tempted to skip breakfast to save calories? You may actually be sabotaging your weight control.
Last Updated: Aug 18, 2018Dry skin after breast cancer radiation is fairly common. These suggestions may help.
Last Updated: Mar 28, 2019Too much caffeine may possibly increase your risk of breast discomfort.
Last Updated: Jul 25, 2019Concerned about a link between breast implants and cancer? Get the facts.
Last Updated: Jul 27, 2019Breast implants can interfere with your mammogram. Learn what you can do to make breast cancer screening more successful.
Last Updated: Jul 19, 2017Breast milk sharing can be a great gift, but there are risks involved. Know the steps you can take to ensure the safety of donated breast milk.
Last Updated: Oct 4, 2019A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses how alcohol affects breast milk.
Last Updated: Jul 3, 2019What's the connection between breast-feeding and weight loss? A Mayo Clinic specialist explains.
Last Updated: Jun 10, 2017Breast-feeding strike — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains why babies sometimes refuse to breast-feed and what to do about it.
Last Updated: Apr 5, 2018Breast-feeding while pregnant — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains whether it's safe.
Last Updated: Apr 7, 2018Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is banned from use in food in many countries, so why is it still being used in some soft drinks sold in the U.S.?
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Living with a chronic disease such as diabetes can be stressful and demanding. Arm yourself with the power of resilience.
Last Updated: May 23, 2019Compared with a bulging disk, a herniated disk is more likely to cause pain because it protrudes farther and is more likely to compress nerve roots.
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Even a minor injury to the scalp or forehead can cause a large lump. Find out when it's time to see a doctor.
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Margarine usually tops butter for heart health. But not all margarines are created equal.
Last Updated: Jun 29, 2018C
Learn why doctors generally don't recommend a CA 125 test for ovarian cancer screening.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Interested in using CBD? Here's what you need to know about the risks and benefits of using this drug.
Last Updated: Dec 20, 2018CT scans create detailed pictures of body tissue. Is the information gained from these imaging tests worth a small potential increase in cancer risk?
Last Updated: Mar 6, 2018The cabbage soup diet promises speedy weight loss. Before you go all in, understand the pros and cons of this fad diet.
Last Updated: Aug 29, 2019Caffeine and depression are not directly linked, but there can be an indirect connection.
Last Updated: Sep 21, 2017Coffee, tea and other caffeinated drinks may worsen menopausal hot flashes and other vasomotor symptoms.
Last Updated: Nov 8, 2017Caffeine may help you lose a little weight, but it also comes with some downsides.
Last Updated: Mar 7, 2017For some people with diabetes, as much as one cup of coffee can cause higher or lower blood sugar levels. Learn how caffeine affects your blood sugar.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018Caffeine can temporarily increase blood pressure, but its long-term effects on blood pressure are unclear.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Caffeinated drinks usually won't dehydrate you, but water is still your best option.
Last Updated: Sep 12, 2017Learn about the possible link between calcium supplements and heart attacks.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020Do guys need calcium supplements for bone health?
Last Updated: Oct 5, 2018In large amounts, calcium supplements may interfere with certain blood pressure medications.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Timing matters when it comes to calcium supplements. Find out what factors affect when you should take calcium.
Last Updated: Sep 15, 2018Calories in sushi vary depending on what's paired with the rice. Use these tips to make smart choices when you're watching calories.
Last Updated: May 21, 2019Don't rely solely on yoga for weight loss. Add aerobic activities to burn more calories.
Last Updated: Jan 15, 2019Some arthritis pain medications raise blood pressure more sharply than others do.
Last Updated: Jul 25, 2017It may be possible to protect your baby from the pain and irritation of this skin rash that affects infants.
Last Updated: Feb 1, 2019Coenzyme Q10 might help reduce the muscle aches some people experience while taking cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020No specific diet or exercise plan prevents Alzheimer's disease — but eating well and staying fit still impacts your mental and physical health.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018Too little vitamin D is bad for the bones, but what about the heart? Learn how vitamin D deficiency may affect blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the possible benefits of music for people with Alzheimer's disease.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Find out how vaginal seeding after a C-section is used to transfer vaginal fluids to a newborn — and the possible risks.
Last Updated: Oct 4, 2019Find out what labor techniques might help prevent severe vaginal tearing during childbirth.
Last Updated: May 11, 2018There's mixed evidence on whether vitamins can prevent heart disease. Find out more.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Find out if eating whole-grain foods can lower blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Yoga focuses on mental and physical wellness, and it might help Alzheimer's caregivers cope with stress.
Last Updated: May 22, 2019You don’t need a special diet after gallbladder removal. Some simple changes in eating habits may help you avoid digestive problems.
Last Updated: May 30, 2018Candida cleanse diets allegedly remove fungus from your intestines by eliminating its food source.
Last Updated: Sep 6, 2017Could cannabis help with your MS symptoms?
Last Updated: Sep 16, 2017Pumpkins are a nutritional powerhouse, whether you choose fresh pumpkin or the canned variety.
Last Updated: Oct 19, 2017Health concerns about canola oil abound on the internet but are unfounded.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2019Carefully planned pre-trip meals, air ventilation and distractions might help prevent car sickness in children.
Last Updated: Jun 22, 2018Cardiac asthma refers to wheezing that's a sign of heart failure.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Caring for a loved one with diabetes can be a challenge. Tips include getting the facts, working as a team and being patient.
Last Updated: May 8, 2018Carpal tunnel exercises may be helpful, but they aren't used alone.
Last Updated: Jun 13, 2017Laser-assisted cataract surgery is an advanced approach used to help people with astigmatism.
Last Updated: Apr 5, 2017Sometimes the capsule that holds the artificial lens becomes cloudy after cataract surgery.
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017Getting enough grains in your diet can be challenging if you have celiac disease.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Gluten can't be absorbed through the skin, although this is a common misperception. Learn more.
Last Updated: Jan 31, 2018A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the controversial topic of cellphones and cancer.
Last Updated: Dec 12, 2018Cellulitis — a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection — is not directly contagious.
Last Updated: Apr 4, 2018Learn to treat and prevent recurrent cellulitis.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Cervical cysts usually aren't cancerous. Some types of cervical cysts are so common that they're considered a normal feature of cervical anatomy.
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2017Learn what to expect if a recent Pap test showed abnormal cells on the surface of your cervix (cervical dysplasia).
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018If your cervical length during pregnancy shortens too soon, you might be at increased risk of preterm labor.
Last Updated: May 10, 2018Learn how to prevent and treat chapped lips.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2018Chelation therapy for heart disease — Find out more about this treatment.
Last Updated: Aug 21, 2019Chemotherapy and sex aren't mutually exclusive, as long as you're feeling up to it.
Last Updated: Jan 8, 2019Chemotherapy side effects may include a risk of heart problems, including weakened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) and heart rhythm problems (arrhythmia).
Last Updated: Dec 8, 2018Understand the risks posed by chickenpox during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Jan 8, 2019Child growth — Find out how you can estimate your child's adult height.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2019A high cholesterol level is unhealthy — rarely, very low cholesterol may pose risks, too.
Last Updated: Nov 28, 2018Non-HDL cholesterol may be more important than cholesterol ratio.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018Home cholesterol test kits are often as accurate as the test your doctor uses, but it can depend on how precisely you follow the directions for the test.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020When it comes to sunglasses, UV protection matters. Here's why.
Last Updated: Jun 6, 2019Chronic bladder infection is a painful, frustrating problem. Learn about causes and treatments.
Last Updated: Oct 5, 2019Diarrhea is fairly common after gallbladder removal. Find out what to expect.
Last Updated: Dec 10, 2019Researchers have evaluated a variety of natural products for effectiveness against chronic fatigue syndrome. Most results have been disappointing.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019Chronic stress — A possible factor in the development of depression.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2017Despite what you might think, cigars aren't that different from cigarettes. Like cigarettes, cigars contain nicotine, tobacco and cancer-causing chemicals.
Last Updated: Nov 22, 2019The term "clinical depression" means severe, persistent depression. It's also called major depression or major depressive disorder.
Last Updated: May 13, 2017Cochlear implants can help improve hearing if you have moderate to profound nerve deafness.
Last Updated: Oct 11, 2019This oil has been touted by some as a cure for hypothyroidism. Truth or hype?
Last Updated: Dec 5, 2018Interest in coconut water has skyrocketed. It's promoted as 'super hydrating,' but is it really any better than plain water?
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Has coffee gotten a bum rap? Can it be part of a healthy diet?
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017Plain coffee has only a few calories. But the calories jump up when you start adding extras.
Last Updated: Mar 8, 2017Some viruses are more resilient than you may think. Learn more about how they spread and how to protect yourself.
Last Updated: Feb 2, 2018Although colds and seasonal allergies share some of the same symptoms, they are very different diseases. Learn how to tell the difference.
Last Updated: Jan 30, 2018Some people believe that drinking milk increases phlegm production when you have a cold.
Last Updated: Feb 28, 2019Debunking the health claims about colloidal silver.
Last Updated: Sep 6, 2017Some groups recommend people over 75 may consider stopping colon cancer screening. Not everyone agrees. Learn about your colon cancer screening options.
Last Updated: Dec 3, 2019Get the facts before trying this technique that's popular among some alternative medicine practitioners who claim it has numerous health benefits.
Last Updated: Apr 26, 2018Whether your child's concussion is mild or severe, it's important to allow time to recover.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Abnormal mammogram results don't necessarily mean you have breast cancer.
Last Updated: Jun 23, 2018Manage your emails and make good use of your time with these tips.
Last Updated: Jan 31, 2018Coping with anxiety is a challenge. Eating habits may play a role.
Last Updated: May 24, 2017With all the information available, it can be overwhelming. Be selective about what information you take in.
Last Updated: Jan 31, 2018Pain is common after mastectomy and other breast cancer operations. Find out what causes it and learn about treatment options.
Last Updated: Apr 2, 2019Cord blood banking — Understand the difference between public and private cord blood donation.
Last Updated: Apr 11, 2017Corn syrup for constipation isn't likely to be effective for infants.
Last Updated: May 2, 2018The best treatment for coronary artery disease varies depending on the circumstances.
Last Updated: Jan 15, 2020Coronary artery spasm is a sudden, temporary tightening of the muscles in the wall of an artery that sends blood to your heart.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Coughing after you quit smoking might be a sign that your body is starting to heal.
Last Updated: Jan 15, 2019Couvade — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses men and sympathetic pregnancy.
Last Updated: Jun 13, 2019Coxsackievirus usually produces only mild symptoms, but in some cases, meningitis can result.
Last Updated: Jul 19, 2017Craving and chewing ice (pagophagia) is often associated with iron deficiency with or without anemia.
Last Updated: Mar 9, 2018Fatigue is a fairly common Crohn's disease symptom. Learn about causes, treatments.
Last Updated: Nov 3, 2018Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia affects your lungs' small airways and air-exchange sacs.
Last Updated: Sep 25, 2018Cupping is one of many alternative therapies used to help relieve fibromyalgia pain.
Last Updated: Apr 19, 2017Some research suggests that curcumin may help prevent or treat cancer.
Last Updated: Nov 3, 2018D
Degenerative changes in the spine visible on X-ray indicate osteoarthritis of the spine.
Last Updated: Feb 25, 2017Understanding the causes and types of demyelinating disease, like multiple sclerosis, can help guide treatment decisions and manage symptoms.
Last Updated: Jun 30, 2017Dental braces are recommended for many children — When is the best time to start?
Last Updated: Apr 7, 2017If metal dental fillings are defective or show decay, they should be replaced.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2016Standard dental floss is generally considered the most effective tool for cleaning between the teeth.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2018Dental work during pregnancy — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses what's safe.
Last Updated: May 2, 2018Here are best practices for the care and cleaning of removable partial or full dentures.
Last Updated: Nov 16, 2017Depression and anxiety commonly occur together and have similar treatments: counseling (psychotherapy) or medication, such as antidepressants, or both.
Last Updated: Jun 2, 2017Detox diets are popular, but they're unproven and may have side effects.
Last Updated: Apr 27, 2018Do detox foot pads really draw toxins out of your body while you sleep?
Last Updated: May 19, 2018Diabetes and depression can occur together. Here's what you need to know.
Last Updated: Jul 25, 2017Learn about fasting with diabetes during Ramadan, including potential risks and how to manage your diabetes.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019Learn what you can do to protect your feet if you have diabetes.
Last Updated: May 22, 2019Warm temperatures require extra precautions for people with diabetes.
Last Updated: Apr 17, 2018If you have diabetes and are traveling, plan ahead. Talk to your health care provider, pack carefully and know about airport security.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2018It's a common myth that you shouldn't eat certain foods if you have diabetes.
Last Updated: Aug 8, 2017Generally, there's no advantage to substituting honey for sugar in a diabetes eating plan.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Aspirin therapy may not be needed if you have diabetes but don't have heart problems.
Last Updated: Oct 16, 2019Learn what cinnamon's role may be as part of a broader diabetes treatment plan.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2019Electric blankets are generally discouraged if you have diabetes.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2019Alcohol and tobacco use increases your risk of diabetes. Find out how.
Last Updated: Jun 30, 2017How to care for your liver if you have diabetes.
Last Updated: Aug 26, 2017Find out why diastasis recti occurs and what you can do about it.
Last Updated: Aug 5, 2017Diet soda may help you cut calories, but other low-calorie options abound.
Last Updated: Nov 30, 2018Dieting means watching what you eat — and drink. Drink plenty of water but limit sugary drinks and dairy to keep calories under control.
Last Updated: Sep 16, 2017Digestion takes about two to five days, depending on your system.
Last Updated: Dec 31, 2019Baby teeth can become discolored for many reasons, including inadequate brushing, medications and illness.
Last Updated: Aug 6, 2019Find out what causes discolored semen.
Last Updated: Jul 18, 2018Disk replacement is a relatively new treatment option for degenerative disk disease.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Diuretics and gout can be related because the medication may raise uric acid in your blood. It's usually possible to avoid this side effect, though.
Last Updated: Sep 16, 2017Diuretics are medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure. A side effect of some diuretics is low potassium.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Contrary to popular belief, no specific foods are known to trigger diverticulitis attacks.
Last Updated: Oct 9, 2019Cortisol blockers claim to help with weight loss, but do they deliver? The evidence is slim at best.
Last Updated: Apr 24, 2018How is an infrared sauna different from a traditional sauna? Light provides the heat.
Last Updated: Jun 7, 2017Scent-based weight-loss products claim to decrease appetite, but the proof is slim.
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017You know the benefits of vitamin C include combating colds. But did you know that vitamin C might also help improve your mood?
Last Updated: Aug 30, 2017Despite the hype, toning shoes aren't a substitute for good old exercise.
Last Updated: Apr 17, 2019Atrial fibrillation is a common heart disorder that may sometimes be inherited. Find out more.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Heard the buzz about honey for allergies? Find out if this home remedy works.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Learn how your risk of developing a common heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation can increase as you become older.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Have you heard about prickly pear cactus? Find out about some surprising health benefits of this versatile plant.
Last Updated: Dec 5, 2018Soy foods reduce the risk of breast cancer, but more research is needed to determine whether soy supplements are equally beneficial.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Wondering whether sunscreen expires? Get the facts about how long sunscreen lasts.
Last Updated: May 23, 2019A Doppler ultrasound measures blood flow and pressure in blood vessels.
Last Updated: Dec 31, 2019Find out how a doula might be helpful during pregnancy, childbirth and recovery.
Last Updated: Feb 19, 2019Your hepatitis C infection has been cured, but is it safe to drink alcohol again?
Last Updated: Dec 11, 2019Dry mouth: If you have dry mouth, try these tips for relief.
Last Updated: Feb 28, 2017E
E. coli doesn't affect the way a food looks, smells or tastes.
Last Updated: Jan 27, 2018Learn about the dangers of this earwax removal technique.
Last Updated: Mar 20, 2018Ear stapling isn't an effective weight-loss strategy.
Last Updated: Aug 8, 2018Early HIV signs and symptoms may include fever, fatigue and swollen lymph glands. Learn more.
Last Updated: Sep 20, 2017Early hepatitis C sometimes goes away without becoming a chronic liver infection. But how often does that happen?
Last Updated: Nov 5, 2019Early miscarriage is usually caused by an abnormality with the baby — not maternal stress.
Last Updated: Oct 4, 2019Find out more about a virus spread to people by mosquitoes, its symptoms and ways to prevent being infected with it.
Last Updated: Oct 12, 2019Despite claims of benefits, eating your placenta after giving birth can be harmful to you and your baby.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2019Ebola virus: A Mayo Clinic expert explains how the virus spreads
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019Echinacea may slightly reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms, but the effect may be too minor to notice.
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017A diluted bleach bath may help treat chronic eczema.
Last Updated: Aug 9, 2018Get the latest information about eggs, cholesterol and heart disease.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2020Ejection fraction is a measurement of how well your heart is pumping.
Last Updated: Jul 2, 2019Elder care can provide caregivers a break or allow them to work. Find out how to select an elder care provider for your loved one with Alzheimer's.
Last Updated: Jun 18, 2019Find out the possible benefits of using an electric toothbrush.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2017Used correctly, elliptical machines can be a safe part of your exercise routine.
Last Updated: Jun 13, 2017There is no cure for multiple sclerosis, but promising research offers hope for new ways to slow and perhaps reverse the effects of this disease.
Last Updated: Mar 17, 2018Endometriosis and ovarian cancer are linked, but the relationship isn't straight cause and effect.
Last Updated: Dec 18, 2018Energy drinks may give you a temporary energy boost — but it doesn't last long.
Last Updated: Mar 23, 2018Lifestyle factors such as diet appear to play a role in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). See what lifestyle changes may help with symptoms.
Last Updated: Jun 29, 2017Enterovirus D68 infections are on the rise, mostly among children. Know the symptoms and what you can do.
Last Updated: Sep 12, 2017Generally, you can receive only a limited number of epidural steroid injections a year.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Find out what role your partner can play in the treatment of your erectile dysfunction.
Last Updated: Dec 10, 2019The manufacturer of the Essure system plans to halt production of this birth control device that leads to permanent sterilization in women.
Last Updated: Aug 29, 2018Could estriol be a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2019Play it smart. Ease up on exercise if you have a cold.
Last Updated: Feb 9, 2017Reduce your multiple sclerosis symptoms through exercise.
Last Updated: Jun 7, 2017Here's what you need to know about your heart rate, pacing, and when to take precautions.
Last Updated: Jul 15, 2017Find out how much exercise you need and how to get it.
Last Updated: Apr 27, 2019Having trouble finding time to exercise during the day? Try taking the stairs!
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Eye dilation is part of a comprehensive eye exam. How often you need it depends on your age and health risks.
Last Updated: Dec 31, 2019A laser retina scan can complement a traditional eye exam, but it's usually not necessary.
Last Updated: Nov 12, 2019Some supplements are marketed as 'eye vitamins' that help protect your eyes against glaucoma. Is there any truth to these claims?
Last Updated: Feb 24, 2018F
Fainting during or immediately after urination (micturition syncope) is a rare occurrence in healthy individuals.
Last Updated: Apr 11, 2017Here's what to consider after a fall during pregnancy, including when to seek medical attention.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2019Pregnancy may be possible with one fallopian tube.
Last Updated: Feb 12, 2019Eating family meals can have health benefits. Just keep the electronics turned off during the meal.
Last Updated: May 23, 2019Experts have long counseled against fast weight loss. But is that advice out of date?
Last Updated: Jul 7, 2017Periodically following a fasting diet may have heart-health benefits. Find out more.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Knowing how much fat is in the foods you eat can help you meet your health and nutrition goals.
Last Updated: May 3, 2019Learn tips to become a more-confident public speaker
Last Updated: May 17, 2017Female orgasm can be difficult to achieve during vaginal intercourse.
Last Updated: Dec 16, 2017Fiber supplements are one tool for adding fiber to your diet and easing constipation. Here are some tips for using them safely.
Last Updated: Oct 25, 2018Fibrocystic breast changes are common and not linked to increased risk of breast cancer.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018Fibromyalgia treatment — Gabapentin may be effective for some people.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2017Fibromyalgia symptoms may be reduced by acupuncture treatments.
Last Updated: Feb 12, 2019Fibromyalgia often co-exists with several other painful conditions, which may be related to how your body processes pain signals.
Last Updated: Aug 26, 2017Is it safe to take fingolimod for multiple sclerosis if I'm pregnant?
Last Updated: Jun 7, 2017PCBs are chemicals that can contaminate lakes, streams and rivers, and the fish that live there. Learn to choose and prepare fish to limit your exposure.
Last Updated: May 22, 2019For some adults, fish oil supplements may help with depression if used under a doctor's supervision along with other types of treatment for depression.
Last Updated: Nov 9, 2018Understand what a fitness ball can do for your abs and how to get started using this fitness tool.
Last Updated: Aug 1, 2019Learn what foods are featured in this diet that promises to help you lose weight from your mid-section.
Last Updated: Dec 10, 2019Want a flat stomach? Diet and exercise — not undergarments — are what count.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020Does flaxseed reduce prostate cancer risk? Researchers are still looking for the answer.
Last Updated: Nov 27, 2019Nutrition experts recommend ground flaxseed over whole flaxseed. Find out why.
Last Updated: Jan 18, 2019Find out about the safety of antiviral flu medication during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Oct 17, 2017Flu masks and hand hygiene might help protect you from the flu.
Last Updated: Apr 18, 2019Will you be pregnant during flu season? A flu shot is safe — and it protects both you and your baby.
Last Updated: Aug 7, 2019The flu shot protects against influenza, which is different from the stomach flu (gastroenteritis).
Last Updated: Mar 20, 2018Find out the latest recommendations for childhood flu vaccines.
Last Updated: Sep 21, 2019If you're at high risk of flu complications, see your doctor when experiencing flu symptoms.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019If you have egg allergy, you still may be able to receive the flu vaccine.
Last Updated: Aug 28, 2019Fluzone High-Dose is a flu vaccine for older people.
Last Updated: Aug 1, 2017Persistently foamy urine can be a sign of protein in your urine (proteinuria) and could be an indicator of kidney disease.
Last Updated: Sep 30, 2017Several studies have looked at the benefit of folic acid supplements on cognitive decline.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Might you have to swear off milkshakes for good? Follow the symptom clues to find out whether you possibly have a food allergy or a food intolerance.
Last Updated: May 23, 2019Feeling itchy after that shrimp scampi? Food allergies usually occur during childhood — but they can appear at any age.
Last Updated: Jun 2, 2017Prevent food poisoning with these food safety tips for handling and reheating leftover food.
Last Updated: Jul 26, 2018Foods and sleep — How to snack and what to avoid.
Last Updated: May 3, 2017Leg and foot swelling during air travel is common and usually harmless.
Last Updated: Oct 25, 2019Your results from a free blood pressure monitoring machine may not be accurate.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Some studies have suggested that frequent ejaculation may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Fructose is a sugar found naturally in fruits, fruit juices, some vegetables and honey. Learn which foods to avoid if you have fructose intolerance.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2019Fruit juice can be a healthy part of a child's diet — if you choose carefully.
Last Updated: May 26, 2017Fundal height — Understand how this pregnancy measurement is taken and what it means.
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017G
Certain medications can aggravate symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Learn more.
Last Updated: Jan 31, 2018Noninsulin injectable medications for diabetes improve blood sugar control and may also support weight loss.
Last Updated: May 11, 2018A gallbladder cleanse is a popular alternative remedy for gallstones. But does it work?
Last Updated: May 22, 2018The size of gallbladder polyps can be a useful predictor of whether they're cancerous.
Last Updated: Dec 10, 2019After gastric bypass surgery, diet and exercise are crucial for maintaining your weight loss.
Last Updated: May 16, 2018Gene expression profiling tests are designed to help plan adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018It's unlikely you would get genital herpes or a similar infection from a toilet seat.
Last Updated: Jul 7, 2017Ginger is being studied for possible benefit in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Ginkgo biloba is said to prevent memory loss, but study results suggest otherwise.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Taking glucosamine isn't likely to have any effect on gout — either good or bad.
Last Updated: Oct 18, 2019Does glucosamine affect blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes?
Last Updated: Nov 1, 2017Glucosamine manufacturers claim their products slow or stop cartilage damage in osteoarthritis.
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017Some people with diabetes use the glycemic index (GI) as a guide in selecting foods.
Last Updated: Mar 7, 2018Read more about this small, usually harmless area of inflammation that often shows up incidentally when you have a test for another reason.
Last Updated: Sep 26, 2018Grapes and grape juice contain antioxidants. So can you drink grape juice instead of wine for the health benefits?
Last Updated: Jul 18, 2017Grapefruit and other citrus can be a problem if you take prescription medicines.
Last Updated: Nov 21, 2018Grass-fed beef may have heart-health benefits that conventional beef doesn't. Find out more.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Rarely, people with Graves' disease develop a skin condition called Graves' dermopathy (pretibial myxedema).
Last Updated: Jul 8, 2017Crying is often an important part of the grieving process — but not always.
Last Updated: May 31, 2017While there's no special ileostomy diet, there are some general rules to follow when choosing foods after ostomy surgery.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019H
Is the HCG diet a safe way to shed pounds?
Last Updated: Oct 19, 2019HER2-positive breast cancer tends to be more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. Treatments that target HER2 are very effective.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Learn what types of cancer HPV can cause in men, and how you can reduce your risk.
Last Updated: Oct 19, 2018Cervical cancer is most often caused by a genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Last Updated: Aug 27, 2019Follow these safety precautions if you color your hair during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Jul 13, 2017You know the value of hand washing, but did you know hand drying matters too? Why? Wet hands more easily spread germs.
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2019Hand swelling during exercise is a common problem, but rarely serious enough to disrupt your routine.
Last Updated: Feb 2, 2019Drinking lighter colored drinks is not a good method of hangover prevention, but it may help a little.
Last Updated: Nov 21, 2017Products that claim to prevent head lice are usually not supported by science.
Last Updated: Feb 16, 2018Headaches during pregnancy are common. Here's help easing the pain.
Last Updated: Jul 12, 2018Healthy chocolate? Yes! In moderation, chocolate — especially dark chocolate — may help prevent heart disease.
Last Updated: Nov 9, 2017Preventing heart disease begins with small steps. Find out more about maintaining a healthy heart.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019It's possible that secondhand smoke can irritate your arteries, increasing your heart attack risk.
Last Updated: Jan 25, 2018Although heart tumors do occur, the vast majority of them are noncancerous (benign).
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Taking care of your teeth hasn't been proved a key to heart disease prevention.
Last Updated: Jan 25, 2019Many with heart failure worry that sex might harm their heart. How do you know when it's OK to be intimate? Cardiac rehab and counseling can help.
Last Updated: Jul 27, 2018A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. A heart rate above or below that may signal a problem.
Last Updated: Aug 29, 2018Acid-controlling medications may do more than prevent heartburn. They may also interfere with vitamin B-12 absorption.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019Heavy periods may cause iron deficiency anemia, which folic acid supplements can't treat.
Last Updated: Aug 13, 2019Heel spurs — Bony growths not necessarily the cause of your heel pain.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2019Know how to relieve painful, swollen veins in the anus and rectum during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2019Although hepatitis C is highly contagious, the risk of sexual transmission is very low.
Last Updated: Nov 8, 2019End-stage complications of hepatitis C include liver failure and liver cancer.
Last Updated: Jul 27, 2018Herbal treatment for anxiety: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses safety and effectiveness.
Last Updated: Mar 2, 2018There's no good evidence that so-called fertility herbs and supplements actually improve fertility.
Last Updated: Aug 17, 2018A hernia truss can temporarily ease discomfort, but medical care is needed for a painful hernia.
Last Updated: Nov 7, 2018Among cold remedies, decongestants cause the most concern for people who have high blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jul 20, 2019Treatment of high cholesterol in children is controversial, but is a growing concern.
Last Updated: Sep 20, 2017Can cinnamon lower cholesterol?
Last Updated: Dec 1, 2018High-dose vitamin C has been touted by some as an effective alternative cancer treatment.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2018Today's hearing aids are effective for all types of hearing loss — including high-frequency hearing loss.
Last Updated: Aug 24, 2018Too much added sugar, including high-fructose corn syrup, can affect your health.
Last Updated: Sep 5, 2018Considering a high-protein diet for weight loss? Understand the precautions first.
Last Updated: May 9, 2018Hip resurfacing uses a metal-on-metal prosthesis, which can cause health problems in some people.
Last Updated: Dec 4, 2019Learn how doctors determine your type of lymphoma using lab tests to examine cancer cells.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018A study in children with the common cold suggests that honey may help calm coughs.
Last Updated: May 2, 2018Hoodia manufacturers claim the supplement controls appetite, but where's the evidence to back up these claims?
Last Updated: Jan 18, 2019Hookah smoking may be more harmful than smoking cigarettes. Find out why.
Last Updated: May 18, 2018Some forms of menopause hormone therapy may cause vaginal bleeding. Learn more.
Last Updated: Oct 26, 2017Dressing in layers, keeping cool and avoiding known triggers are among the lifestyle strategies you can try for hot flash relief.
Last Updated: May 17, 2017If you're a caregiver of a loved one with Alzheimer's disease, guilt is a common feeling. Forgive yourself to move forward with your duties and improve your emotional health.
Last Updated: May 9, 2018Researchers have uncovered a type of body fat, dubbed brown fat, that appears to burn regular fat.
Last Updated: Nov 7, 2018Wonder how many hours of sleep are enough? A Mayo Clinic specialist offers guidelines.
Last Updated: Jun 6, 2019Understand the do's and don'ts of tummy time for babies.
Last Updated: Aug 29, 2017Bladder control problems are common in aging. Drinking less may help, but what other steps can you try?
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Learn self-care tips for healing cracked heels.
Last Updated: Mar 13, 2019Learn how to treat the tiny, painful cracks that can form on the thumb tip when your skin is very dry.
Last Updated: Jan 23, 2019Learn what you can do at home if your ear new piercing becomes infected.
Last Updated: Mar 8, 2019Learn simple remedies to easing your baby's discomfort from the pain and irritation of this skin rash.
Last Updated: Feb 14, 2019In sexual assault survivors, the main traumatic event typically becomes encoded in memory. Less important details may not be as well retained in memory.
Last Updated: Dec 19, 2018The dietary supplement huperzine A might play a role in Alzheimer's treatment by boosting memory, but more — and better — studies are needed.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Understand the role water plays in keeping skin healthy.
Last Updated: Feb 6, 2019According to the hygiene hypothesis, early childhood infections can help prevent asthma. But is that the case?
Last Updated: Mar 14, 2019Hyperbaric oxygen therapy helps with some medical conditions that affect the brain. Find out what the research says about its role in stroke treatment.
Last Updated: Sep 15, 2017A hyperextended knee may tear or detach some of the ligaments in the knee.
Last Updated: Mar 7, 2018Hyperinflated lungs can be associated with lung conditions, such as COPD.
Last Updated: Nov 30, 2017Hyperinsulinemia is often associated with type 2 diabetes.
Last Updated: Sep 26, 2017Understand what causes a breast milk oversupply and what you can do about it.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2019A hypertensive crisis is a severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Hypnobirthing — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses this method of easing pain during childbirth.
Last Updated: Aug 6, 2019For women, there's sometimes a link between having an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) and infertility.
Last Updated: Jun 13, 2019There's no truth to the so-called hypothyroidism diet.
Last Updated: Sep 4, 2019Hypothyroidism symptoms can vary, but eye problems aren't usually a concern.
Last Updated: Sep 12, 2019Calcium supplements can interfere with absorption of medications used to treat hypothyroidism.
Last Updated: Aug 26, 2017Rarely, hypothyroidism can cause peripheral neuropathy, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Hypothyroidism can cause muscle and joint problems, such as joint pain and stiffness.
Last Updated: Jan 16, 2019Although iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, this deficiency is rare in the United States.
Last Updated: May 11, 2018I
Implantation bleeding is a common early pregnancy symptom. Understand what's involved and why it happens.
Last Updated: May 9, 2019With time and dedication, breast-feeding without pregnancy (induced lactation) might be possible.
Last Updated: Feb 9, 2019Infant botulism — A Mayo Clinic specialist offers tips to prevent infant botulism.
Last Updated: May 15, 2018Worried about infant constipation? A Mayo Clinic specialist explains how to treat it.
Last Updated: Oct 25, 2019You can safely prepare infant formula with tap water or bottled water. Consider the pros and cons of each.
Last Updated: Dec 19, 2018Infant growth rates depend on various factors. Consider what's typical during baby's first year.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2017Wonder if there's a connection between infant swimming and asthma? A Mayo Clinic specialist offers perspective.
Last Updated: Jun 10, 2017Frequent waking is a common form of insomnia. Here's how to fall asleep again.
Last Updated: Aug 23, 2019Inversion therapy is often promoted as a treatment for back pain.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019A Mayo specialist cautions about relying on a home sperm test to assess your fertility.
Last Updated: May 2, 2018Depression is common in people with rheumatoid arthritis. If it isn't treated, depression may contribute to worsening of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
Last Updated: Oct 18, 2019Is fibromyalgia hereditary? The disorder appears to run in families.
Last Updated: Sep 6, 2017Is a gluten-free diet healthy for people who don't need to avoid gluten? It depends on what you eat instead of gluten.
Last Updated: Jun 9, 2018Takeout containers aren't the best for storing leftovers. Wrap or repackage food to keep it fresher and safer.
Last Updated: Oct 23, 2018What the change in the research definition of Alzheimer's disease means for you.
Last Updated: Aug 31, 2018Find out about the role of diet in managing multiple sclerosis.
Last Updated: Dec 6, 2019You lose weight only to regain it. When this happens repeatedly, it's called the yo-yo effect. It's frustrating but does it increase your risk of obesity?
Last Updated: Jun 9, 2018High systolic blood pressure (isolated systolic hypertension) is as important as high diastolic blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Learn more about isometric exercises that contract a particular muscle or group of muscles.
Last Updated: Jan 17, 2018J
In most people, joint hypermobility causes no problems and requires no treatment.
Last Updated: Aug 4, 2017Joint pain attributed to rheumatoid arthritis may actually be caused by parvovirus infection in some adults.
Last Updated: Oct 23, 2019Juicing is a hot trend, but does it deliver on claims of better health? Learn about the pros and cons of juicing.
Last Updated: Oct 1, 2019Depression and diet may be related, and junk food may increase the risk of depression.
Last Updated: Feb 10, 2018K
Many factors may influence the decision to withdraw from kidney dialysis.
Last Updated: Dec 10, 2019Kidney donation can save a life, but some live donors might be at a slightly higher risk of developing kidney failure in the future.
Last Updated: Apr 28, 2017You know your kids should exercise, but how much? Find out and get ideas for helping children and adolescents be more physically active.
Last Updated: May 17, 2019Does kombucha tea live up to its reputation as a health tonic?
Last Updated: Jul 8, 2017L
L-arginine, a substance that relaxes blood vessels, is sometimes touted to reduce blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) — Understand the benefits and risks of these asthma medications.
Last Updated: Dec 31, 2019Lack of sleep can affect your immune system. Here's what you need to know.
Last Updated: Nov 28, 2018Medication for lactation suppression generally isn't recommended.
Last Updated: Feb 7, 2019Laryngospasm is a brief spasm of the vocal cords, which temporarily interrupts breathing.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2019Does late-day exercise keep you awake? A Mayo Clinic sleep expert offers advice.
Last Updated: Mar 7, 2017Late-night snacks aren't necessarily off-limits with diabetes, but healthy choices won't leave you with high blood sugar in the morning.
Last Updated: Sep 28, 2019Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slow developing form of autoimmune diabetes.
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Latisse promotes longer, thicker, darker eyelashes — but side effects are possible, too.
Last Updated: Apr 5, 2018A Mayo Clinic specialist shares prevention and treatment tips for leg cramps during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Jun 18, 2019New, persistent leg pain or aching may indicate an underlying circulation problem.
Last Updated: Oct 25, 2017Why bother with lentils? They're high in protein and fiber. They're also quick and easy to prepare.
Last Updated: Jul 7, 2017Breast tenderness is not among the published escitalopram (Lexapro) side effects, but some studies and unofficial reports have linked them.
Last Updated: Jul 30, 2019Get the scoop on liposuction alternatives that reduce body fat without surgery.
Last Updated: Jun 8, 2019Livedo reticularis is a vascular condition characterized by purplish mottling of the skin.
Last Updated: Jun 3, 2017Occasionally, liver cysts can cause pain and discomfort in the upper abdomen.
Last Updated: Apr 10, 2018Chronic hepatitis C may lead to liver failure, which has only one treatment: liver transplant. Find out more about this risk.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2018How safe is natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment?
Last Updated: Sep 27, 2019Age-related loss of sex drive is normal, but sometimes an underlying condition is at play.
Last Updated: Dec 14, 2017Aging can play a role in the loss of taste and smell — but not always.
Last Updated: Aug 7, 2019Delivery, amnioinfusion and drinking more fluids might be recommended as treatment for low amniotic fluid.
Last Updated: Aug 4, 2017For older adults, low blood sodium (hyponatremia) can be fatal if left untreated.
Last Updated: Jul 15, 2017Find out what can affect your milk supply and how to boost it.
Last Updated: Nov 17, 2018If you have kidney disease, you may need to limit how much phosphorus you eat or drink each day. A dietitian can help you create a custom meal plan.
Last Updated: Oct 31, 2018An epidural isn't necessarily off-limits if you have a lower back tattoo.
Last Updated: Sep 11, 2018Lung nodules are common and may be detected on a chest X-ray. Most lung nodules are noncancerous, but some may represent early-stage lung cancer.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Hair loss is common in lupus. Although distressing, it is usually temporary.
Last Updated: Sep 15, 2018Although uncommon, hives can occur in people with lupus. Learn about causes and treatments.
Last Updated: Sep 20, 2018Lupus can cause inflammation of the kidneys, which can impair their function.
Last Updated: Mar 2, 2018M
A low-tyramine diet is important for anyone taking MAOIs.
Last Updated: Dec 18, 2018Using a gadolinium contrast agent during MRI may pose a risk for people with severe kidney failure.
Last Updated: Jun 3, 2017MSM is promoted as a treatment for arthritis pain, but evidence is scarce.
Last Updated: Jul 13, 2017Not all dietary fat is unhealthy. Monounsaturated fatty acids are one of the good fats. See where to find them.
Last Updated: May 1, 2018Enlarged red blood cells (macrocytosis) can be due to many factors.
Last Updated: Apr 27, 2019Find out what ingredients pharmacists combine for this treatment for mouth sores caused by chemotherapy and other cancer treatments.
Last Updated: Nov 23, 2019Learn how to make progress toward your goals of learning new skills such as a new language or a musical instrument.
Last Updated: Sep 6, 2017Male masturbation has little effect on sperm count or quality.
Last Updated: Sep 14, 2017Latest Mayo Clinic mammogram guidelines for breast cancer screening.
Last Updated: May 8, 2019Dense breasts can make a mammogram more difficult to interpret, but it's still a useful tool for breast cancer screening.
Last Updated: Dec 3, 2019Get tips to manage your health, stay focused, and use your time well while dealing with job pressures and demands.
Last Updated: Aug 24, 2017Tips for managing anxiety with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Last Updated: Sep 19, 2019Learn about strategies for managing depression in people with MS.
Last Updated: Aug 24, 2019If you have diabetes, you're probably used to counting carbs. But are you also paying attention to fat, cholesterol and calories?
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017Some marketers claim mangosteen juice has anti-inflammatory benefits. Find out what the research says.
Last Updated: Sep 16, 2017Marijuana and depression seem to go hand in hand for some people, but there's no clear evidence that marijuana directly causes depression.
Last Updated: Dec 4, 2018Marijuana use during pregnancy can harm you and your baby. Find out how.
Last Updated: Sep 15, 2018Is it possible to get measles from someone else if you've been vaccinated?
Last Updated: Jul 11, 2018Melatonin is generally safe for short-term use but can cause side effects.
Last Updated: Oct 10, 2017For many women, menopause and high blood pressure seem to go hand in hand.
Last Updated: Jul 16, 2019If you take menopause hormone therapy, it's a good idea to follow up with your doctor once a year for a checkup and to reassess your need for treatment.
Last Updated: May 30, 2018For women with heart disease, breast cancer or a blood-clotting disorder, hormone therapy isn't a good option for treating menopause symptoms.
Last Updated: Oct 12, 2018Understand how a menstrual cup works and why you might use this alternative to pads and tampons.
Last Updated: Aug 2, 2018Products that promise to boost your metabolism abound, but can they help you lose weight?
Last Updated: Feb 21, 2019Combining migraine medications and antidepressants may pose several concerns.
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Certain antidepressants are used in migraine treatment. Learn more about these medications.
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Migraines can be associated with certain gastrointestinal problems. Learn more.
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Migraines — Are they triggered by weather changes?
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Antidepressants don't always ease mild depression symptoms, but you may still benefit from treatment.
Last Updated: Nov 28, 2018Can mindfulness practice help reduce symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Last Updated: Sep 30, 2017The term "ministroke" typically refers to a transient ischemic attack.
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Moldy cheese may be unappetizing, but is it unsafe?
Last Updated: Sep 7, 2018Epstein-Barr virus sometimes causes mononucleosis, but most Epstein-Barr infections are less severe.
Last Updated: Sep 20, 2017Rarely, mononucleosis can recur. Learn more about causes and complications.
Last Updated: Oct 6, 2018Monosodium glutamate (MSG) can trigger headaches and other symptoms in some people.
Last Updated: Mar 20, 2018Visible mucus in stool can have a variety of causes — not necessarily serious.
Last Updated: Jun 9, 2018The term 'multigrain' means more than one grain is used, while 'whole grain' means the whole kernel is used.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2017Seizures occur more often in people with multiple sclerosis than in the general population.
Last Updated: Jun 1, 2018Multivitamins: Would your youngster benefit from a supplement?
Last Updated: Apr 13, 2018Myofascial release, a form of manual therapy, may help reduce back pain.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019N
Common pain medications such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium may increase your risk of heart attack and stroke.
Last Updated: Apr 19, 2018Find out how nail biting can contribute to infections — and how to stop this bad habit.
Last Updated: Jul 15, 2017Learn how psoriasis can affect fingernails and toenails, causing pitting and abnormal nail growth. Psoriasis treatment can help.
Last Updated: Aug 24, 2019Vertical nail ridges are common and often become more prominent with age.
Last Updated: May 9, 2017Narrow stools may be a sign of narrowing or obstruction of the colon.
Last Updated: Dec 11, 2019Nasal spray 'addiction' isn't really an addiction at all. Learn more.
Last Updated: Dec 19, 2018Natural acne treatment comes in various forms. Some may be beneficial.
Last Updated: Nov 1, 2017Find out about whether foods and supplements can affect libido.
Last Updated: Mar 8, 2018Breast enhancement supplements haven't been proved effective and could cause side effects.
Last Updated: Oct 2, 2018For some people, certain herbal and dietary supplements seem to help with depression, but more studies are needed on their effectiveness and side effects.
Last Updated: Sep 11, 2018Nausea during pregnancy is common. Understand what nausea and vomiting might mean for your pregnancy.
Last Updated: May 24, 2019Negative-calorie foods require more energy to digest than they contain. Fact or fiction?
Last Updated: Feb 21, 2018Nervous breakdown is not a medical term — but it may indicate an underlying mental health problem that needs attention, such as anxiety or depression.
Last Updated: Oct 26, 2016Nervous stomach is a vague term that doesn't indicate a specific diagnosis.
Last Updated: Aug 7, 2019A homemade neti pot solution is just as effective as the over-the-counter variety.
Last Updated: Oct 11, 2019Learn more about this container designed to rinse debris or mucus from the nasal cavity.
Last Updated: Jan 25, 2018Some Neurontin side effects can be troubling and require evaluation by your doctor.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Newborn sleep — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains when to wake a sleeping baby for a feeding.
Last Updated: Apr 13, 2018Niacin overdose is unlikely when it's taken as prescribed for high cholesterol.
Last Updated: May 2, 2017"Alarm clock" (hypnic) headaches wake people up. But other nighttime headaches also can disrupt sleep. Relief begins with determining the cause.
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Nighttime panic attacks can cause sweating, rapid heart rate, trembling, shortness of breath, heavy breathing, flushing or chills. Learn about treatment.
Last Updated: Jan 12, 2018Non-mesh sling — A Mayo Clinic expert explains how a non-mesh sling can be used to treat female stress urinary incontinence.
Last Updated: Sep 12, 2017Learn the difference between normal stress and adjustment disorder.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019How can you be obese when your weight is normal?
Last Updated: Jun 29, 2017O
Occipital nerve stimulation is a relatively new procedure to treat chronic headache disorders.
Last Updated: Aug 2, 2019Flashes of light, zigzags and temporary blindness – what does it all mean?
Last Updated: May 10, 2019Oregano is thought to have antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Last Updated: Jul 21, 2017Olive oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids, a type of healthy fat that can protect against heart disease and other serious conditions.
Last Updated: Oct 25, 2019Balance with other dietary fats is key to eating omega-6 fatty acids.
Last Updated: Oct 19, 2019Certain medications interact with opioids, making them more dangerous and increasing the risk of accidental overdose. Learn the signs of an emergency.
Last Updated: Dec 5, 2017Opioids aren't the first choice for a chronic condition such as arthritis. And some of their side effects may be particularly concerning for older people.
Last Updated: Sep 13, 2017OraVerse returns sensation sooner in your mouth after dental work. Is it for you?
Last Updated: Jul 12, 2017Understand the benefits of organic baby food.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019You know what M.D. means, but what does D.O. mean? What are the differences and similarities between these two types of doctors?
Last Updated: Feb 7, 2019Can long-term use of prednisone increase your risk of osteoporosis?
Last Updated: Mar 4, 2017Some osteoporosis drugs may increase risks of bone problems in the jaw and thigh.
Last Updated: Sep 26, 2018Often, you can stop taking these common osteoporosis medications after three to five years.
Last Updated: Jun 20, 2019Research continues to evaluate the role of an ovarian cancer vaccine to prevent recurrence.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Surgery to remove your ovaries dramatically reduces your risk of ovarian cancer, but it doesn't eliminate the risk entirely.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Certain types of ovarian cysts can contribute to fertility problems.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2018Ovary removal (oophorectomy) dramatically lowers estrogen, a reproductive hormone that may also protect your brain.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Trying to get pregnant? Learn about ovulation signs and symptoms.
Last Updated: Aug 16, 2019Ozone air purifiers don't reduce asthma symptoms. In fact, they can make asthma worse.
Last Updated: Aug 13, 2019P
A number of factors can cause PSA levels to rise after surgery for an enlarged prostate.
Last Updated: Apr 24, 2018Paced breathing — slow, deep, diaphragmatic breathing — may help reduce hot flashes, lower blood pressure and promote relaxation.
Last Updated: Jan 10, 2020Depression can cause unexplained physical symptoms, such as headaches. Chronic pain can cause problems that lead to depression, such as poor sleep.
Last Updated: Apr 3, 2019Palindromic rheumatism comes and goes. People who have it are at higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Last Updated: Apr 11, 2017Palliative care — Mayo Clinic expert explains who may benefit from palliative care and how it differs from hospice care.
Last Updated: Nov 13, 2019Various factors stack the odds against successful pancreatic cancer treatment.
Last Updated: Aug 2, 2019Learn when most doctors recommend beginning cervical cancer screening with Pap tests.
Last Updated: Jun 2, 2017If you've had surgery to remove your uterus, you might not need routine Pap smears. Find out what doctors recommend for cervical cancer screening.
Last Updated: Apr 2, 2019Unfortunately, there is no standard or routine screening test for ovarian cancer.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Parkinsonism, a condition similar to Parkinson's disease, has a number of causes and coping strategies.
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Passive-aggressive behavior — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains the signs of this indirect way of expressing negative feelings.
Last Updated: Jul 20, 2019Find out how older paternal age can impact pregnancy and childhood health.
Last Updated: Jun 12, 2018A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what might cause a penis fracture.
Last Updated: May 16, 2018Understanding the Daily Value numbers on food labels will help you make more-informed choices.
Last Updated: May 3, 2019During perimenopause, birth control options range from hormonal contraceptives to sterilization, depending on your health status.
Last Updated: May 18, 2018There are no hypoallergenic dog breeds, but you can reduce your allergic reactions.
Last Updated: Jul 4, 2019Rarely, inhaling petroleum jelly for prolonged periods can cause lung inflammation (lipoid pneumonia).
Last Updated: Aug 7, 2019Phantosmia is often due to a head injury or upper respiratory infection.
Last Updated: Apr 19, 2018Phentermine, a prescription medication, can help with weight loss when combined with diet and exercise.
Last Updated: Jan 17, 2019You may be worried about phenylalanine because of a warning on diet soda. Find out why the warning is there.
Last Updated: Dec 1, 2018Phosphatidylserine holds some promise as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's and other memory problems.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Photodynamic therapy may play a limited role in lung cancer treatment.
Last Updated: May 17, 2019Find out when you need to toss your contact lenses to prevent a repeat pink eye infection.
Last Updated: May 24, 2017Many parents wonder how long pink eye (conjunctivitis) is contagious. Find out.
Last Updated: Dec 6, 2018Read these safety tips before you take food to a loved one in the hospital.
Last Updated: May 22, 2019Plugged ears are usually a mild, temporary problem. Learn about potential causes and treatments.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2017Poinsettia plants — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains what you need to know about poinsettia plants.
Last Updated: Oct 8, 2019Can polymyositis lead to lung and breathing problems?
Last Updated: Jun 30, 2017The polypill contains small doses of several commonly prescribed heart disease medications.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Early research suggested that pomegranate juice could slow the growth of prostate cancer, but more-rigorous trials failed to confirm those results.
Last Updated: May 30, 2019Small studies suggest that pomegranate juice might help lower cholesterol. Find out more about this antioxidant-rich juice.
Last Updated: Nov 9, 2017Use these tips to help someone cope with stress from a traumatic event, whether it's acute stress disorder (ASD) or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Last Updated: Jun 7, 2018Find out how pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can prevent HIV infection.
Last Updated: Oct 12, 2019Prednisone withdrawal symptoms can be serious if your dosage isn't discontinued gradually. Find out how long it might take to taper off.
Last Updated: Jul 28, 2017Pregnancy acne — A Mayo Clinic specialist offers insight on treating acne during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Aug 15, 2019Pregnancy after gastric bypass surgery calls for special care. Start with preconception planning.
Last Updated: May 15, 2018Understand the possible risks of hot tub use during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Find out how to manage your calcium needs during pregnancy if you're lactose intolerant.
Last Updated: Aug 22, 2018Pregnancy constipation is common. Know how to safely treat it.
Last Updated: Aug 9, 2017Understand how changes in your blood volume and hormone levels might affect your skin during pregnancy.
Last Updated: Oct 18, 2019Pregorexia — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses this rare pregnancy condition.
Last Updated: May 16, 2018Extreme moodiness, intense sadness or marked irritability in the days before your period — along with your usual PMS symptoms — could be signs of PMDD.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2018Prenatal vitamins — why they might not be suitable if you're not pregnant.
Last Updated: Jul 21, 2017Having a hard time reading small print? You might have presbyopia, a common vision condition that often accompanies aging.
Last Updated: Dec 31, 2019Depending on what's causing it, hair loss in women may be prevented.
Last Updated: Feb 28, 2019Probiotics are foods or supplements that contain 'good' bacteria that might help treat or prevent illness. Should they be part of your diet?
Last Updated: Jun 28, 2018Prolotherapy may help low back pain, but proof remains elusive.
Last Updated: May 25, 2018Magnesium is a nutrient your body needs to stay healthy. Magnesium supplements are popular but not risk-free. Food sources are easy to add to your diet.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Depending on the type of radiation you receive, your doctor may recommend some precautions to prevent passing radiation to others.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Prostate cancer metastasis — Find out where prostate cancer spreads.
Last Updated: Feb 2, 2019Surgery to remove the prostate might not be an option later if you undergo other prostate cancer treatments first.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Find out what your PSA level may mean for your prostate cancer prognosis.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Some men with prostatitis have pain with ejaculation or sexual intercourse.
Last Updated: Oct 5, 2019Protein shakes aren't a magic bullet for weight loss. Here's why.
Last Updated: Apr 13, 2018Pseudoaneurysm may be a complication of cardiac catheterization.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Pseudoclaudication and claudication causes leg pain for different reasons. One is caused by pinched spinal nerves while the other is a circulation problem.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019There is no special psoriasis diet, but reducing caloric intake if you are overweight or obese is beneficial.
Last Updated: Dec 24, 2019Psoriasis treatment — Fish oil supplements may be helpful, but use caution.
Last Updated: Dec 3, 2019Pubic hair removal is common, but so are related side effects.
Last Updated: Mar 15, 2019Pulse pressure may be a strong predictor of heart problems, especially for older adults.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020Q
Gaining weight after you quit smoking is fairly common, but you can take steps to prevent it. Learn how.
Last Updated: Oct 11, 2019R
Rapidly developing Alzheimer's may suggest another condition or problem – and sometimes, symptoms can be reversed.
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Natural and pure are among the terms used to describe raw water, but risk-free is not. Understand the hazards of drinking unprocessed water.
Last Updated: May 22, 2019Reactive airway disease is a general term that doesn't indicate a specific diagnosis.
Last Updated: Nov 3, 2018Reactive hypoglycemia is low blood sugar that occurs shortly after eating.
Last Updated: May 24, 2019A Mayo Clinic expert explains the risks of taking prescription oral erectile dysfunction (ED) medications without a medical need.
Last Updated: Jul 11, 2017Recurrent prostate infections can be difficult to treat. Here's what to consider.
Last Updated: Jul 16, 2019For some children, tonsillectomy may reduce the frequency of recurring strep throat infections.
Last Updated: Jul 21, 2017Although a renal diet restricts protein, you still must eat some protein every day.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Repeat C-sections are common — but each C-section is generally more complicated than the last.
Last Updated: Jun 8, 2018Resperate is a device that teaches slow, deep breathing — which can reduce blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect of statins.
Last Updated: Jan 14, 2020Do different diets affect rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?
Last Updated: Dec 10, 2019Although rheumatoid arthritis is primarily a joint disease, it occasionally affects the eyes.
Last Updated: Apr 16, 2019Although rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, it can also affect the lungs.
Last Updated: Jan 19, 2019Ricin is a deadly poison derived from castor bean plants — the same beans used to make castor oil.
Last Updated: Mar 20, 2019Light therapy may be helpful for some people with rosacea.
Last Updated: Nov 8, 2018Runner's diarrhea is characterized by loose bowel movements during or immediately after a run.
Last Updated: Nov 22, 2019S
Sagging breasts are more likely after pregnancy, but breast-feeding isn't to blame.
Last Updated: May 3, 2017Excessive salt craving may indicate an underlying medical condition, such as Addison's disease.
Last Updated: Apr 12, 2017Milnacipran (Savella) may help relieve the fatigue and pain associated with fibromyalgia.
Last Updated: Aug 17, 2017Scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp can be difficult to differentiate.
Last Updated: Nov 3, 2017Should you take health claims about sea salt with a proverbial grain of salt? What makes it different from table salt?
Last Updated: Sep 24, 2019Breakthrough bleeding is more common with continuous and extended-cycle birth control pills, such as Seasonale, but usually decreases with time.
Last Updated: Mar 20, 2018Second pregnancy — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the possible differences between a first and second pregnancy.
Last Updated: Apr 29, 2017A Mayo Clinic specialist explains why second pregnancies don't always come easily.
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2017How to take care of yourself at home when you have the flu.
Last Updated: Apr 17, 2019Semen allergy (seminal plasma hypersensitivity) is a rare condition that can be easily misdiagnosed. Learn about symptoms and possible treatments.
Last Updated: Feb 1, 2018Know what causes sensitive teeth and effective treatments.
Last Updated: Oct 15, 2019Service dogs can sniff out low blood sugar and alert you to take action.
Last Updated: Jul 14, 2018Setbacks can be part of life, but don't let them stop you from moving forward.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2018With time and patience, you can resume sexual activity at any age.
Last Updated: Oct 4, 2019Vaginal infection makes intercourse painful and weakens resistance to sexually transmitted infections. Consider waiting.
Last Updated: Feb 21, 2017Contrary to popular belief, shaving unwanted hair doesn't make it grow back thicker.
Last Updated: Aug 7, 2019If you're adjusting to shift work — especially the night shift — consider tips for better sleep.
Last Updated: Apr 29, 2017Generally, it's best to avoid alcohol during the course of shingles treatment.
Last Updated: Mar 15, 2019A new shingles vaccine uses an inactivated varicella-zoster (chickenpox) virus so you can't infect others.
Last Updated: Jun 6, 2018People looking to receive the shingles vaccine have two options.
Last Updated: Oct 25, 2019Diet and atrial fibrillation: Should I make changes to my diet if I've been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation?
Last Updated: Jul 16, 2019Physical activity and atrial fibrillation — Should people with atrial fibrillation participate in physical activity?
Last Updated: Nov 15, 2019A silent heart attack occurs with few, if any, symptoms. Find out more.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2017Understand the health effects of ruptured silicone breast implants.
Last Updated: Aug 8, 2018Sometimes the cause of a toothache isn't a tooth problem, but a sinus problem.
Last Updated: Apr 3, 2019Sitting for long periods — such as in front of the TV or at a desk — appears to increase risk of death from cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Last Updated: May 8, 2018Sjogren's syndrome isn't thought to cause UTIs, but it may cause other urinary conditions.
Last Updated: Feb 19, 2019Find out about common skin changes during pregnancy, including pigmentation changes, varicose veins, acne and stretch marks.
Last Updated: May 11, 2018Antihistamines are somewhat effective as sleep aids — but only for occasional insomnia.
Last Updated: Oct 16, 2019Find out how sleep duration might be linked to weight gain.
Last Updated: May 1, 2018Caffeine doesn't seem to cause or aggravate obstructive sleep apnea.
Last Updated: Apr 3, 2019Sleep deprivation affects not only your energy levels but also your health.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Is a slow metabolism the reason for your weight gain? Or is something else going on?
Last Updated: Feb 21, 2019Doctors classify cancer cells by examining them under a microscope. Learn common terms used to describe cancer cells.
Last Updated: Nov 3, 2018For people at risk of rheumatoid arthritis, smoking may trigger the disease and cause more severe symptoms.
Last Updated: Dec 5, 2017Smoking leads to premature skin aging — and more wrinkles.
Last Updated: Sep 30, 2017Sodium nitrate, a preservative in some meats, may increase your heart disease risk.
Last Updated: Mar 3, 2018Soy doesn't significantly lower cholesterol. But eating soy can still be healthy.
Last Updated: Mar 9, 2018Whether people who have hypothyroidism should avoid soy is a topic of debate.
Last Updated: Oct 10, 2019Spastic colon is another term for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Last Updated: Mar 29, 2017After ejaculation, the life span of sperm depends on the circumstances.
Last Updated: May 2, 2018Options are available to remove spider veins — a mild form of varicose veins.
Last Updated: Nov 9, 2017To prevent split fingernails, treat your nails gently. Consider these simple nail care tips.
Last Updated: Oct 15, 2019Spreading bowel preparation over two days makes the process more tolerable and does a better job of cleaning the colon before a colonoscopy.
Last Updated: Apr 2, 2019Understand when to start feeding your baby solid foods.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Statins can cause muscle injury in some people. But can they also trigger ALS?
Last Updated: May 17, 2018Sugar substitutes, such as refined stevia preparations, may help with weight management, but they aren't a magic bullet.
Last Updated: Nov 7, 2018Depending on which virus causes your stomach ailment, you can be contagious from a few days to two weeks or more.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018Stool color is usually a result of diet and is only rarely a concern.
Last Updated: Feb 19, 2019Tired of feeling at the mercy of your to-do list? Try these tips for becoming more focused.
Last Updated: May 12, 2018One set of strength training exercises is generally as effective as multiple sets.
Last Updated: Apr 18, 2018Strep throat in infants is uncommon, but it's possible. Learn about symptoms.
Last Updated: Jul 19, 2019Learn how stress and hair loss can be related.
Last Updated: Apr 5, 2019With all the technology available today, it can be stressful and challenging to learn how to use it. Find out ideas of how to work with technology.
Last Updated: Jan 24, 2018Stress management and relaxation skills are key to preventing stress-related weight gain.
Last Updated: Jul 20, 2017Feeling overwhelmed by your MS? Try these stress-relieving strategies and find out what works for you.
Last Updated: Sep 27, 2017Can you give up added sugar and artificial sweeteners for two weeks? You may never think about sugar the same way again.
Last Updated: Jun 29, 2017Think about these ideas as you consider what skills and career you'd like to pursue in the future.
Last Updated: Oct 6, 2017Sulfa allergy: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses which medications are likely to cause problems.
Last Updated: Dec 4, 2019Sun rash — Causes and prevention tips for this itchy red rash.
Last Updated: Sep 20, 2018When might sunburn require medical attention?
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019Sundowning isn't a disease, but a symptom that often occurs in people with dementia.
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Strains of head lice that are resistant to over-the-counter treatments are on the rise. Understand the facts, and learn how to eliminate treatment-resistant lice.
Last Updated: Jul 24, 2019Superslow strength training can help you add variety to your strength training routine.
Last Updated: Apr 6, 2019Your body can't digest chewing gum. So what happens when you swallow it?
Last Updated: Dec 31, 2019T
TENS therapy may be effective for fibromyalgia pain.
Last Updated: Nov 15, 2019Tailbone pain can have many causes and treatments.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Tanning beds don't offer a safe alternative to natural sunlight.
Last Updated: May 18, 2019There's no proof that a base tan protects against sunburn.
Last Updated: Jul 11, 2017Drinking tap water is less expensive, but is it as safe as drinking bottled water?
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2017Tarlov cysts are fluid-filled sacs that most often affect nerve roots in your lower spine.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Find out if tattoo removal cream works.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018Taurine might improve athletic performance but further research is needed.
Last Updated: Feb 13, 2018When you're first injured, ice may be better for reducing pain and swelling.
Last Updated: Sep 7, 2017Find out how to help your toddler meet the challenges of being 2.
Last Updated: Mar 9, 2019Test anxiety can interfere with your performance: Here's what you can do.
Last Updated: Aug 3, 2017A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the relationship between testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer.
Last Updated: Sep 26, 2019Find out if you can use natural methods to boost your testosterone level.
Last Updated: Jul 19, 2017Testosterone therapy may boost sex drive for some women, but its long-term safety is unclear.
Last Updated: Jun 19, 2019Testosterone therapy side effects — A Mayo Clinic specialist discusses the heart risks.
Last Updated: Dec 22, 2017For adults, tetanus shots are recommended every 10 years.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019You can safely cook a frozen turkey without thawing it first — if you follow a few safety precautions.
Last Updated: Oct 10, 2019A healthy diet might promote healthy skin. Consider these skin-friendly foods.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Take steps to prevent the dawn phenomenon — an abnormal early-morning increase in blood sugar.
Last Updated: Sep 16, 2017To lower your risk of foodborne illness, follow these five steps for washing fresh fruits and vegetables without the use of soap or produce sprays.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019Fragile or thin skin is a fairly common problem, especially in older adults.
Last Updated: Aug 31, 2017Tobacco smoke creates toxic residue that clings to walls, carpets, clothes and other surfaces.
Last Updated: Jul 13, 2017Thyroid disease can affect your mood and cause symptoms that mimic mental illness.
Last Updated: Feb 25, 2017Thyroid guard — A Mayo Clinic expert discusses using thyroid guards during mammograms to reduce the risk of thyroid cancer from radiation.
Last Updated: Apr 2, 2019A thyroid peroxidase antibody test can help determine the cause of thyroid disease.
Last Updated: May 8, 2018In the past, doctors thought that a tilted uterus could have contributed to infertility. But that's no longer the case.
Last Updated: Nov 22, 2019Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) has many possible causes, including taking antidepressants.
Last Updated: May 31, 2018You can take steps to care for your body if you have rheumatoid arthritis. These self-care measures can help you manage your pain and stay active.
Last Updated: Oct 22, 2019If you're frustrated with the high cost of blood glucose test strips, check out these options.
Last Updated: May 16, 2018Learn how to manage stress while juggling a busy schedule.
Last Updated: Feb 7, 2018A Mayo Clinic specialist describes typical speech development between the ages of 2 and 3.
Last Updated: Mar 12, 2019Vitamin C is an essential nutrient, but too much carries its own risks.
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2018Trampoline jumping can be fun but poses a high risk of injury for children.
Last Updated: Jun 27, 2017Triclosan is found in many products. Understand the safety concerns.
Last Updated: Mar 9, 2017Chronic trouble breathing: A Mayo Clinic expert discusses when it might be asthma.
Last Updated: Aug 12, 2017A Mayo Clinic expert explains the differences and similarities between these two types of growths and how doctors determine if they're cancerous.
Last Updated: Sep 13, 2019U
Ultraprocessed foods, such as frozen dinners, are staples for many Americans. Why do these convenience foods have a bad rep?
Last Updated: Sep 20, 2019Know how to wash an uncircumcised penis.
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2018If you're underweight and unhappy about it, try these healthy meals, snacks and treats to help you achieve your desired weight.
Last Updated: Aug 31, 2017Undigested food in stool generally isn't a problem unless it's accompanied by other symptoms.
Last Updated: Mar 20, 2018Type O negative is sometimes called the universal blood donor type.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019Try these ideas to manage your time and reduce stress.
Last Updated: Feb 13, 2018Overweight and obese children and adolescents are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but you can take steps to lower the risk.
Last Updated: May 18, 2018V
Like LDL cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol is considered a type of 'bad' cholesterol.
Last Updated: Jun 13, 2018Vaccination schedule — A Mayo Clinic specialist explains why young children need multiple vaccines.
Last Updated: Aug 14, 2019Vaccines during pregnancy — Find out which vaccines you need during pregnancy and which ones to avoid.
Last Updated: Apr 28, 2017Low-dose estrogen therapy, vaginal moisturizers and vaginal lubricants are among possible treatments for menopausal vaginal dryness and its discomforts.
Last Updated: Oct 12, 2018Valerian — Can this sleep aid help you sleep better?
Last Updated: Feb 15, 2018Vaping during pregnancy can expose your baby to nicotine.
Last Updated: Oct 12, 2019The male birth control procedure to cut and seal the tubes that carry sperm (vasectomy) doesn't increase the risk of prostate cancer.
Last Updated: Nov 2, 2018Vegetable juice can be healthy, but it isn't a replacement for actual vegetables.
Last Updated: Jun 28, 2018Although switching to a vegetarian diet won't cure diabetes, it may offer some benefits.
Last Updated: Sep 27, 2018People who eat a vegetarian diet are generally leaner than those who don't. But making smart choices is what leads to weight loss.
Last Updated: Jul 27, 2018Until Addyi was approved, there were no drugs to treat sexual arousal or sexual desire problems in women.
Last Updated: Aug 23, 2019Vicks VapoRub is often used as a nasal decongestant. Does it work?
Last Updated: Oct 17, 2019Low levels of vitamin B-12 and other B vitamins may be linked to depression, but more research is needed.
Last Updated: Jun 1, 2018Vitamin B-12 injections — A weight-loss shot sounds appealing, but does it work?
Last Updated: Mar 29, 2018Vitamin B-12 isn't known to improve memory in Alzheimer's disease, but research continues.
Last Updated: Apr 20, 2019Some research suggests that vitamin D may reduce the risk of multiple sclerosis.
Last Updated: Feb 9, 2019What are the risks of too little vitamin D?
Last Updated: Jun 27, 2018A Mayo Clinic specialist explains why, when and how to give your baby vitamin D.
Last Updated: Jun 7, 2017Understand the risks of too much vitamin D, including a toxic reaction.
Last Updated: Feb 7, 2018Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in Alzheimer's and other types of dementia, but more research is needed to understand this link.
Last Updated: Apr 23, 2019Can vitamin supplements improve MS symptoms?
Last Updated: Nov 8, 2019Vocal cord dysfunction and asthma cause similar symptoms. Find out the difference between the two.
Last Updated: Aug 8, 2017Vulvar varicosities can cause discomfort during pregnancy. Understand what causes this form of varicose veins and how to get relief.
Last Updated: May 8, 2018W
What is your waistline telling you? Get a measuring tape and find out if your waist circumference is in a range associated with shorter life expectancy.
Last Updated: Jun 9, 2018Walking pneumonia is a general term for relatively mild cases of pneumonia.
Last Updated: Nov 10, 2016Walking poles can turn your daily walk into a full-body workout.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2017Walking and a prudent diet can put you on the path to sustainable weight management.
Last Updated: Dec 8, 2018Certain foods and beverages may interact with warfarin. Find out more.
Last Updated: Apr 19, 2018Warm-mist and cool-mist humidifiers are equally effective in humidifying the air.
Last Updated: Mar 8, 2019Drinking plenty of water helps keep your digestive system on track.
Last Updated: May 3, 2018For water exercise, the pool temperature should feel soothing and comfortable, not hot.
Last Updated: Apr 19, 2018Interested in natural diuretics for fluid retention and weight gain? You may be better off watching your diet.
Last Updated: Nov 21, 2018Understand how calorie restriction and exercise help you meet weight goals.
Last Updated: Feb 24, 2017Dieting can be tough during the holidays, but don't give up. Instead change your focus to maintaining and not gaining.
Last Updated: May 22, 2019For weight training, proper technique is more important than the specific type of equipment.
Last Updated: Oct 9, 2018Weight-loss hypnosis might be another weight-loss tool, but don't forget the basics.
Last Updated: Dec 14, 2018Weighted hula hoop — Spice up your workout with hula hooping.
Last Updated: Jul 14, 2017For most strength training enthusiasts, there's no need to invest in a weightlifting belt.
Last Updated: Aug 2, 2018Although beneficial in the long term, weightlifting can cause temporary, sometimes dramatic, increases in blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 26, 2019Weightlifting — Experiment to see if doing weights or cardio first works best for you.
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2017What exactly are functional foods, and do they deliver on their health claims?
Last Updated: Feb 21, 2018Learn how opioid medications work and how those effects can be dangerous when the drugs are taken incorrectly.
Last Updated: Mar 21, 2018Some strains of bacteria are resistant to most types of antibiotics. Understand the risks and how to protect yourself from infection.
Last Updated: Feb 20, 2018Find out what causes round ligament pain during pregnancy and how to find relief.
Last Updated: Apr 18, 2018Learn the meaning behind various expiration dates found on food packages, including 'sell by' date and 'best if used by' dates.
Last Updated: Dec 17, 2019BPA stands for bisphenol A, a chemical used in some plastics and resins. See what products contain BPA and explore options to reduce your exposure.
Last Updated: Dec 18, 2019MERS-CoV is a respiratory illness that's sometimes fatal. Help protect yourself with good hygiene practices.
Last Updated: Oct 25, 2018Find out about retinopathy of prematurity — a potentially blinding eye condition that affects premature infants — including emerging therapies.
Last Updated: Sep 15, 2017Living with heart failure? Know when new symptoms require a doctor's call or ER visit. A heart failure action plan can guide your self-care.
Last Updated: Jul 27, 2018Learn more about this mosquito-borne virus — found in Africa, Asia, India, and parts of Europe and the Americas — that causes fever and severe joint pain.
Last Updated: Jul 26, 2017Clean eating values whole, natural foods over processed and refined ones. Sounds like healthy eating, doesn't it?
Last Updated: May 21, 2019Compassionate use is a way for people with life-threatening illnesses to get access to experimental treatments.
Last Updated: Mar 9, 2018Hot yoga, also known as Bikram yoga, is an intense form of yoga performed in a heated studio.
Last Updated: Oct 26, 2018Heart age is a way to understand your risk of a heart attack or stroke. By making healthier lifestyle choices, you can lower your heart age and your risk.
Last Updated: Apr 14, 2018Reflexology is gaining popularity as a stress reliever, but does it work?
Last Updated: Dec 1, 2018Learn about this tick from Asia that was recently reported in the United States and find out how to prevent tick bites.
Last Updated: Dec 28, 2018Find out about a mosquito-borne virus that may cause mild fever, rash and joint pain.
Last Updated: Dec 28, 2018Wheatgrass is a popular addition to smoothies and other drinks. While it's a rich source of nutrients, it's not a disease cure-all.
Last Updated: Jul 6, 2016Chronic diarrhea in infants can have many causes. Here’s a list of some possible causes and advice on when to see your child's doctor.
Last Updated: Apr 18, 2019H1N1 flu is a subcategory of influenza A.
Last Updated: Aug 28, 2019Wheezing in children may be a sign of asthma — but not always.
Last Updated: Feb 24, 2017Olive, canola or grapeseed? Which cooking oil should you use for sauteing and frying?
Last Updated: Feb 2, 2019When should you brush your teeth? Understand how to protect your oral health.
Last Updated: Jun 5, 2019White coat hypertension could be a risk factor for your blood pressure. Find out more.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019A small white patch on skin may have several causes, including eczema, psoriasis and vitiligo.
Last Updated: Aug 28, 2019White stool isn't normal and may indicate a serious liver problem. Learn about causes.
Last Updated: Nov 5, 2019White whole-wheat bread may make it easier to add whole grains to your diet.
Last Updated: Nov 29, 2016Find out how whitening toothpaste works and whether it's effective.
Last Updated: Apr 9, 2019Whole-body vibration — Don't give up regular exercise and a healthy diet.
Last Updated: Apr 12, 2017Weight-loss surgery means you don't have to watch what you eat, right? Wrong. Learn why.
Last Updated: Apr 25, 2019If you're obese, weight loss before pregnancy can improve your health — as well as the health of the baby you're planning to conceive.
Last Updated: Apr 11, 2018Hepatitis C vaccine development is far from straightforward, but experimental vaccines are under study.
Last Updated: Nov 9, 2017Find out whether an air purifier can eliminate cigarette smoke from your home.
Last Updated: Jan 30, 2019In some cases, asthma symptoms disappear later in life. Learn more about whether your child could outgrow asthma.
Last Updated: Dec 3, 2019The existence of Wilson's syndrome — often described as mild or subclinical hypothyroidism — is controversial.
Last Updated: Oct 5, 2017Many dentists recommend wisdom teeth removal to improve oral health.
Last Updated: Dec 3, 2016Find out more about wrist blood pressure monitors and when they might be used to measure blood pressure.
Last Updated: Jan 9, 2019X
Understand when an X-ray during pregnancy might cause harm and how to avoid it.
Last Updated: Feb 16, 2018Y
Yeast infections are common during pregnancy. Over-the-counter treatments are usually safe.
Last Updated: Nov 10, 2018Yeast infections can occur in men, causing inflammation of the penis (balanitis). Learn what signs and symptoms could mean you have a yeast infection.
Last Updated: Jul 13, 2018Yerba mate tea may help relieve fatigue, but it has some risks.
Last Updated: Jan 15, 2019Yucca root supplements have long been touted as a possible treatment for arthritis pain.
Last Updated: Jul 7, 2017Z
Everyone's heard of taking zinc for colds. But does it really work?
Last Updated: Jul 13, 2017Zumba, a dance-based workout, can add variety to your exercise routine.
Last Updated: Nov 6, 2019