Fertility
Learning Center
Male infertility
Male infertility often plays a role when couples have trouble conceiving. Find out what causes male infertility and available options for treatment.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Learn about symptoms, causes and treatment of this common — and treatable — heart problem that occurs shortly after birth.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
PKU is caused by a change in the gene that helps create an enzyme needed to break down phenylalanine. Treatment includes a special diet and medication.
Spina bifida
Learn about this condition in which an unborn baby's spine and spinal cord don't form properly. Surgery during pregnancy may be a treatment option.
Vesicoureteral reflux
Learn about what happens if urine flows backward from the bladder. Usually found in children, this condition boosts the risk of urinary tract infections.
Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia)
In this condition present at birth, a band of tissue (lingual frenulum) tethers the tongue to the floor of the mouth, restricting the range of motion.
Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
This congenital heart defect affects the valve between the heart and lungs and includes a hole in the heart. Learn the symptoms and how it’s treated.
Hip dysplasia
In infancy, this condition often can be corrected with a soft brace. Older children and young adults might require surgery to correct the misalignment.
Transposition of the great arteries
This serious, rare heart problem present at birth requires surgery to correct. Learn about its symptoms and treatment.
Clubfoot
This term describes a range of congenital foot abnormalities in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position, keeping it from moving up and down.
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