Fitness basics
Learning Center
Bladder exstrophy
This rare birth defect occurs when the bladder develops outside the fetus during pregnancy. The condition can be repaired with surgery.
Bicuspid aortic valve
This condition, present at birth, affects the valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery. Know the symptoms and treatment.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
In this congenital heart condition, the lung's blood vessels attach to the wrong places in the heart. Know the symptoms and how it's diagnosed.
Albinism
In this group of inherited disorders, the body makes little or no melanin, a pigment that determines hair, skin and eye color and vision development.
Orchitis
This inflammation of one or both testicles can cause pain and infertility. It's usually caused by a bacterial infection or the mumps virus.
Retractile testicle
Find out about this condition that allows the testicle to move between the scrotum and groin.
Spina bifida
Learn about this condition in which an unborn baby's spine and spinal cord don't form properly. Surgery during pregnancy may be a treatment option.
Tay-Sachs disease
This rare, inherited disease causes a buildup of fatty acids that damages the brain and typically results in muscle control loss, blindness and paralysis.
Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia)
With tongue-tie (ankyloglossia), a band of tissue (frenulum) tethers the tongue, restricting the range of motion. Learn about symptoms and treatment.
Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
This congenital heart defect affects the valve between the heart and lungs and includes a hole in the heart. Learn the symptoms and how it’s treated.
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