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Bladder exstrophy
This rare birth defect occurs when the bladder develops outside the fetus during pregnancy. The condition can be repaired with surgery.
Vesicoureteral reflux
Learn about what happens if urine flows backward from the bladder. Usually found in children, this condition boosts the risk of urinary tract infections.
Ureteral obstruction
Learn about what causes blockage of the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, tests you might need and how the condition can be treated.
Hydronephrosis
Learn about this condition that occurs when urine doesn't drain properly from the upper urinary tract, leading to kidney swelling.
Repeat C-sections: Is there a limit?
Repeat C-sections are common — but each C-section is generally more complicated than the last.
Spina bifida
Learn about this condition in which an unborn baby's spine and spinal cord don't form properly. Surgery during pregnancy may be a treatment option.
Aging: What to expect
Understand the natural changes that come with aging.
Cavernous malformations
Understand the symptoms that may occur when blood vessels in the brain or spinal cord are tightly packed and contain slow-moving blood.
Hypospadias
Hypospadias is a birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip. Learn about treatment.
Group B strep disease
This common bacterium, usually harmless in healthy adults, can cause serious illness in newborns and adults with certain chronic conditions, such as diabetes.
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