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Learning Center
Vesicoureteral reflux
Learn about what happens if urine flows backward from the bladder. Usually found in children, this condition boosts the risk of urinary tract infections.
Ureteral obstruction
Learn about what causes blockage of the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, tests you might need and how the condition can be treated.
Spina bifida
Learn about this condition in which an unborn baby's spine and spinal cord don't form properly. Surgery during pregnancy may be a treatment option.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
This rare genetic disorder causes fatty substances (sulfatides) to build up in your brain and nervous system, causing progressive loss of nerve function.
Hypospadias
Hypospadias is a birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip. Learn about treatment.
Hydronephrosis
Learn about this condition that occurs when urine doesn't drain properly from the upper urinary tract, leading to kidney swelling.
Group B strep disease
This common bacterium, usually harmless in healthy adults, can cause serious illness in newborns and adults with certain chronic conditions, such as diabetes.
Epilepsy
Learn about this condition that causes seizures. Find out which symptoms are associated with different types of seizures and how they're treated.
Diabetes insipidus
Learn more about this unusual disorder that disrupts the body's fluid balance, causing too much urination and possibly leading to dehydration.
Conjoined twins
If an early embryo only partially separates and two babies develop, they remain physically connected — most often at the chest, abdomen or pelvis.